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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2.3-td.md
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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
虽然每种语言都有这两个辅音，但，英文的 `t/d` 的发声关键在于起始的舌尖位置 —— 顶在**龈脊**（*alveolar ridge*）上，而不是贴在牙齿上 —— 即，位置 ③（参见 [1.4](1.4-articulators)）。
While every language has the consonants `t` and `d`, the key to pronouncing them in English lies in the starting position of the tip of the tongue - it should touch the *alveolar ridge* position ③ (as described in [1.4](1.4-articulators)), not the *teeth*.
While every language has the consonants `t` and `d`, the key to pronouncing them in English lies in the starting position of the tip of the tongue - it should touch the *alveolar ridge*, i.e. position ③ (as described in [1.4](1.4-articulators)), not the *teeth*.
![articulator-tongue-tip-td](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-td.svg)
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ The `t` sound may be the most complex in American English consonant pronunciatio
> * 正常音 `t` - 只有 `t` 处于重音音节开头的时候才被正常读出，比如，*take* `/teɪk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/take-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/take-us-female.mp3"></span>；
> * Standard `t` - This is the typical pronunciation, only used when `t` begins a stressed syllable, as in *take* `/teɪk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/take-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/take-us-female.mp3"></span>.
> * 弹舌音 `t̬` - 夹在两个元音中间的 `t` 会变成接近 `d` 的弹舌音 `t̬`，比如，*water* `/ˈwɑː·t̬ɚ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/water-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/water-us-female.mp3"></span>；
> * Flaping `t̬`: When `t` is situated between two vowels, it tends to be flaping `t̬`, sounding like `d`, as in water `/ˈwɑː·t̬ɚ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/water-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/water-us-female.mp3"></span>.
> * 喉塞音 `ʔ` - `m/n` 之前的 `t` 有可能变成喉塞音 `ʔ`，比如，*utmost* `/ˈəʔˌmoʊst/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/utmost-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/utmost-us-female.mp3"></span>, *fitness* `/ˈfɪʔ·nəs/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/fitness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/fitness-us-female.mp3"></span>, *witness* `/ˈwɪʔ·nəs/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/witness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/witness-us-female.mp3"></span>。如果你不知道喉塞音是什么样的，听听 *Uh-Oh!* <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Uh-Oh.mp3"></span>—— `/ʌʔoʊ/`……
> * Glottal Stop `ʔ` - The `t` before `n` might transform into a glottal stop, as in *utmost* `/ˈəʔˌmoʊst/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/utmost-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/utmost-us-female.mp3"></span>, *fitness* `/ˈfɪʔ·nəs/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/fitness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/fitness-us-female.mp3"></span>, or *witness* `/ˈwɪʔ·nəs/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/witness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/witness-us-female.mp3"></span>. If you don't understand what is a *glottal stop*, listen to the phrase, *Uh-Oh!* <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Uh-Oh.mp3"></span>—— `/ʌʔoʊ/`...
> * 省略音 `ᵗ` - `n` 之后的 `t` 可能会被省略掉，比如，*winter* `/ˈwɪnᵗ·ər/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/winter-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/winter-us-female.mp3"></span> —— 当然，若是读成 `/ˈwɪn·tər/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/winter-t-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/winter-t-us-female.mp3"></span>也没错……
> * Optional `ᵗ` - The `t` following `n` might be omitted, as in *winter* `/ˈwɪnᵗ·ər/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/winter-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/winter-us-female.mp3"></span> - of course, `/ˈwɪn·tər/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/winter-t-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/winter-t-us-female.mp3"></span>is also correct.
> * 弹舌音 `t̬` - 夹在两个元音中间的 `t` 会变成接近 `d` 的弹舌音 `t̬`，比如，*water* `/ˈwɑːt̬ɚ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/water-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/water-us-female.mp3"></span>；
> * Flaping `t̬`: When `t` is situated between two vowels, it tends to be flaping `t̬`, sounding like `d`, as in water `/ˈwɑːt̬ɚ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/water-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/water-us-female.mp3"></span>.
> * 喉塞音 `ʔ` - `m/n` 之前的 `t` 有可能变成喉塞音 `ʔ`，比如，*utmost* `/ˈəʔˌmoʊst/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/utmost-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/utmost-us-female.mp3"></span>, *fitness* `/ˈfɪʔnəs/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/fitness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/fitness-us-female.mp3"></span>, *witness* `/ˈwɪʔnəs/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/witness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/witness-us-female.mp3"></span>。如果你不知道喉塞音是什么样的，听听 *Uh-Oh!* <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Uh-Oh.mp3"></span>—— `/ʌʔoʊ/`……
> * Glottal Stop `ʔ` - The `t` before `n` might transform into a glottal stop, as in *utmost* `/ˈəʔˌmoʊst/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/utmost-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/utmost-us-female.mp3"></span>, *fitness* `/ˈfɪʔnəs/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/fitness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/fitness-us-female.mp3"></span>, or *witness* `/ˈwɪʔnəs/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/witness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/witness-us-female.mp3"></span>. If you don't understand what is a *glottal stop*, listen to the phrase, *Uh-Oh!* <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Uh-Oh.mp3"></span>—— `/ʌʔoʊ/`...
> * 省略音 `ᵗ` - `n` 之后的 `t` 可能会被省略掉，比如，*winter* `/ˈwɪnᵗər/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/winter-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/winter-us-female.mp3"></span> —— 当然，若是读成 `/ˈwɪntər/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/winter-t-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/winter-t-us-female.mp3"></span>也没错……
> * Optional `ᵗ` - The `t` following `n` might be omitted, as in *winter* `/ˈwɪnᵗər/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/winter-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/winter-us-female.mp3"></span> - of course, `/ˈwɪntər/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/winter-t-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/winter-t-us-female.mp3"></span>is also correct.