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xiaolai
2024-03-26 10:02:30 +08:00
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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.4.1-stop.md
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@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ Take the word *absolutely* `/ˌæbsəˈluːtli/` for instance. To *stress* the `
Another frequent stop is more subtle. It's there, but you can't see or hear it.
比如，在 *hotdog* 这个词里，`t` 的声音是听不到的，但，它的舌尖动作却是**完整**的，所以，能够听到的不是 `/ˈhɑtˌdɔg/`，也不是 `/ˈhɑˌdɔg/`，而是 `/ˈhɑ·ˌdɔg/` —— 这里的 `·` 表示因 `t` 的舌尖动作完整却没有发出任何声音而产生的**停顿**。你可以再试试 network `/ˈnɛtˌwərk/` 这个词 —— 这里面的 `t` 也是同样的机制。
比如，在 *hotdog* 这个词里，`t` 的声音是听不到的，但，它的舌尖动作却是**完整**的，所以，能够听到的不是 `/ˈhɑtˌdɔg/`，也不是 `/ˈhɑˌdɔg/`，而是 `/ˈhɑˌdɔg/` —— 这里的 `` 表示因 `t` 的舌尖动作完整却没有发出任何声音而产生的**停顿**。你可以再试试 network `/ˈnɛtˌwərk/` 这个词 —— 这里面的 `t` 也是同样的机制。
Consider the word *hotdog*. You can't hear the 't,' but the articulation is complete. So instead of hearing '/ˈhɑtˌdɔg/' or '/ˈhɑˌdɔg/,' you hear '/ˈhɑ·ˌdɔg/' – the '·' represents a stop created by the 't' sound's complete articulation without any audible output. Try the same with 'network' – the 't' applies the same principle.
Consider the word *hotdog*. You can't hear the 't,' but the articulation is complete. So instead of hearing '/ˈhɑtˌdɔg/' or '/ˈhɑˌdɔg/,' you hear '/ˈhɑˌdɔg/' – the '' represents a stop created by the 't' sound's complete articulation without any audible output. Try the same with 'network' – the 't' applies the same principle.
这类**停顿**（*stop*），也叫**塞音**，最常见的有以下几种：
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ There are several types of *stops* in English:
> * **Dental stop**: `θ`, `ð` - As in *I wish the *pa**th*** to success was smoother*, the final `θ` in `/pæθ/` is a dental stop.
> * 龈塞音: `t`、`d` —— He *trie**d*** to discuss his idea with his boss. 第二个单词 `/traɪd/` 末尾的 `d` 就是一个龈塞音。
> * **Alveolar stop**: `t`, `d` - As in *He *trie**d*** to discuss his idea with his boss*, where the final `d` in `/traɪd/` is an alveolar stop.
> * 喉塞音：`k`, `g`, `t` —— IPA 里用 `ʔ`标注。 I don't *thin**k** that* is true. 第三个单词 *think* 末尾的 `k` 就是一个喉塞音，`/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`。 *uh-oh* `/ɑʔoʊ/` 是另外一个例子…… `t` 也有可能用这个喉塞音，比如，*utmost* `/ˈʌʔˌmoʊst/`，或者 `/ˈneʔ·wɝːk/`。
> * **Glottal stop**: `k`, `g`, `t` - In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the glottal stop is represented by the symbol `ʔ`. Take the sentence *I don't think that's true* for example. At the end of the word *think*, there's a glottal stop, as in `/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`. Another example is the word *uh-oh* `/ɑʔoʊ/`. Also, `t` can sometimes be replaced with a glottal stop, as in *utmost* `/ˈʌʔˌmoʊst/` or *network* `/ˈneʔ·wɝːk/`.
> * 喉塞音：`k`, `g`, `t` —— IPA 里用 `ʔ`标注。 I don't *thin**k** that* is true. 第三个单词 *think* 末尾的 `k` 就是一个喉塞音，`/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`。 *uh-oh* `/ɑʔoʊ/` 是另外一个例子…… `t` 也有可能用这个喉塞音，比如，*utmost* `/ˈʌʔˌmoʊst/`，或者 `/ˈneʔwɝːk/`。
> * **Glottal stop**: `k`, `g`, `t` - In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the glottal stop is represented by the symbol `ʔ`. Take the sentence *I don't think that's true* for example. At the end of the word *think*, there's a glottal stop, as in `/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`. Another example is the word *uh-oh* `/ɑʔoʊ/`. Also, `t` can sometimes be replaced with a glottal stop, as in *utmost* `/ˈʌʔˌmoʊst/` or *network* `/ˈneʔwɝːk/`.
不管是哪一种，大多都是因为之前的一个辅音**虽然并未发出声音却动作完整**造成的。