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xiaolai
2024-06-21 08:17:06 +08:00
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1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb
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@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@
}
],
"source": [
"!pip install edge-tts\n",
"!pip install pygame"
"%pip install edge-tts\n",
"%pip install pygame"
]
},
{

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1000-hours/public/videos/literally.mp4 Normal file
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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.2-tongue.md
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Fortunately, when practicing American pronunciation, there's only one situation where we need to actively control and practice the position of the vocal cords - the r-colored vowel sound in <span class="pho">ə</span> (represented as <span class="pho">ɚ</span> and <span class="pho">ɝː</span>). Please refer to section [2.1.5](2.1.5-ə) for more information.
另外，iOS 上有一个 APP，[The Phonetics 3D](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/the-phonetics-3d/id841485989)，一个日本人做的软件，$7.99 的价格，可以看到每个单词朗读时口腔内部的活动情况，很是实用：
Additionally, there's an app on iOS called [The Phonetics 3D](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/the-phonetics-3d/id841485989), created by a Japanese developer, priced at $7.99, and it allows you to see the movements inside the mouth when pronouncing each word, being extremely helpful.
<video controls width="720"> <source src="/videos/literally.mp4" type="video/mp4"></source>Your browser does not support the video tag. </video>
[^1]: Figure adapted from *FUNDAMENTALS OF PHONETICS: a practical guide for students* 5th Edition, by Larry H. Small, 2019. Page 55
[^2]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYwk07QM4rc

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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.2-consonants.md
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# 2.2. 辅音（Consonants）
地球上的所有语言都一样，在自然语流中，**辅音**不会单独存在。单独的**元音**，可以构成**音节**，也可以构成或者表达意义。比如，*ah* <span class="pho alt">ɑː</span>, *oh* <span class="pho alt">oʊ</span>，或者 *Uh-Oh* <span class="pho alt">ˈʌoʊ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Uh-Oh.mp3"></span>。但，绝大多数**辅音**必须依附于**元音**才能构成**音节**，并且，单独的辅音也不能构成意义。
地球上的所有语言都一样，在自然语流中，**辅音**不会单独存在。单独的**元音**，可以构成**音节**，也可以构成或者表达意义。比如，*ah* <span class="pho alt">ɑː</span>, *oh* <span class="pho alt">oʊ</span>，或者 *Uh-Oh* <span class="pho alt">ˈʌoʊ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Uh-Oh.mp3"></span>。但，绝大多数**辅音**必须依附于**元音**才能构成**音节**[^1]，并且，单独的辅音也不能构成意义。
All languages on Earth follow a similar pattern: in the flow of natural speech, consonants *never* stand alone. Isolated vowels, however, can form syllables and convey meaning. For instance, you have sounds like *ah* <span class="pho alt">ɑː</span>, *oh* <span class="pho alt">oʊ</span>, or *O'Oh* <span class="pho alt">ˈɑoʊ</span>. But consonants almost always need to be attached to vowels to form *syllables*, and alone, they don't carry meaning.
All languages on Earth follow a similar pattern: in the flow of natural speech, consonants *never* stand alone. Isolated vowels, however, can form syllables and convey meaning. For instance, you have sounds like *ah* <span class="pho alt">ɑː</span>, *oh* <span class="pho alt">oʊ</span>, or *O'Oh* <span class="pho alt">ˈɑoʊ</span>. But consonants almost always need to be attached to vowels to form *syllables*, and alone, they don't carry meaning.
注意：有三个辅音，<span class="pho">l</span>, <span class="pho">m</span>, <span class="pho">n</span>，被称作 “音节辅音”，因为它们自带 <span class="pho">ə</span> 的音色。比如，*bottle* <span class="pho alt">ˈbɑːtl</span>, *bottom* <span class="pho alt">ˈbɑːtm</span>, button <span class="pho alt">ˈbʌtn</span>。有些词典会用 <span class="pho">ᵊ</span>，比如写成：
*bottle* <span class="pho alt">ˈbɑːtᵊl</span>, *bottom* <span class="pho alt">ˈbɑːtᵊm</span>, button <span class="pho alt">ˈbʌtᵊn</span>。剑桥词典的标注方式是：*bottle* <span class="pho alt">ˈbɑːt̬əl</span>, *bottom* <span class="pho alt">ˈbɑːt̬əm</span>, button <span class="pho alt">ˈbʌtən</span>……
Please note, in English, there are three consonants—<span class="pho">l</span>, <span class="pho">m</span>, and <span class="pho">n</span>—that can act as "syllabic consonants." This means they carry a vocalic quality similar to the schwa sound (<span class="pho">ə</span>). For instance, in words like *bottle* (<span class="pho alt">ˈbɑːtl</span>), *bottom* (<span class="pho alt">ˈbɑːtm</span>), and *button* (<span class="pho alt">ˈbʌtn</span>), you can hear this quality. Some dictionaries use the symbol <span class="pho">ᵊ</span> to indicate this sound, rendering the words as follows: *bottle* (<span class="pho alt">ˈbɑːtᵊl</span>), *bottom* (<span class="pho alt">ˈbɑːtᵊm</span>), *button* (<span class="pho alt">ˈbʌtᵊn</span>). The Cambridge Dictionary, however, uses a slightly different notation: *bottle* (<span class="pho alt">ˈbɑːt̬əl</span>), *bottom* (<span class="pho alt">ˈbɑːt̬əm</span>), *button* (<span class="pho alt">ˈbʌtən</span>).

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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.3.1-structure.md
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@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ In a syllable, there is *only* one vowel, known as the *nucleus*, which forms th
英文的音节构成大抵上有以下几种形式（其中，<span class="pho">c</span> 代表辅音，<span class="pho">v</span> 代表元音）：
In English, syllables can generally be made up of the following patterns (where <span class="pho">c</span> stands for consonant and <span class="pho">v</span> stands for vowel):
> * <span class="pho">v</span> - *awe* <span class="pho alt">ɑː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/awe-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/awe-us-female.mp3"></span>
> * <span class="pho">vc</span> - *add* <span class="pho alt">æd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/add-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/add-us-female.mp3"></span>
> * <span class="pho">vcc</span> - *east* <span class="pho alt">iːst</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/east-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/east-us-female.mp3"></span>
@@ -27,4 +29,4 @@ In a syllable, there is *only* one vowel, known as the *nucleus*, which forms th
> * <span class="pho">cccv</span> - *spray* <span class="pho alt">spreɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/spray-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/spray-us-female.mp3"></span>
> * <span class="pho">cccvc</span> - *spring* <span class="pho alt">sprɪŋ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/spring-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/spring-us-female.mp3"></span>
> * <span class="pho">cccvcc</span> - *splashed* <span class="pho alt">splæʃt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/splashed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/splashed-us-female.mp3"></span>
> * <span class="pho">cccvccc</span> - *scrounged* <span class="pho alt">skraʊndʒd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/scrounged-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/scrounged-us-female.mp3"></span>
> * <span class="pho">cccvccc</span> - *scrounged* <span class="pho alt">skraʊndʒd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/scrounged-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/scrounged-us-female.mp3"></span>