keep updated

1000-hours/.vitepress/config.mts

@@ -148,15 +148,15 @@ export default withMermaid(
                         link: "/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.5-ə",
                       },
                       {
-                        text: "2.1.6. ɪ/iː",
+                        text: "2.1.6. ɪ/i/iː",
                         link: "/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.6-i",
                       },
                       {
-                        text: "2.1.7. ʊ/uː",
+                        text: "2.1.7. ʊ/u/uː",
                         link: "/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.7-u",
                       },
                       {
-                        text: "2.1.8. ɔ/ɔː",
+                        text: "2.1.8. ɑː/ɔː",
                         link: "/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.8-ɔ",
                       },
                       {

1000-hours/public/jupyter-notebooks/edge-tts-valcab-pronounciation.ipynb

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 37,
+   "execution_count": 40,
    "id": "00939422-fbf9-4842-b82a-b6106624c075",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
     "import edge_tts\n",
     "import pygame\n",
     "\n",
-    "TEXT = \"boot,book\"\n",
+    "TEXT = \"more\"\n",
     "Wordlist = TEXT.split(\",\")\n",
     "\n",
     "for w in Wordlist:\n",
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 31,
+   "execution_count": 39,
    "id": "474c3f39-11ed-4d0a-b039-63df8b270044",
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
     "import edge_tts\n",
     "import pygame\n",
     "\n",
-    "TEXT = \"ask\"\n",
+    "TEXT = \"dog,god\"\n",
     "Wordlist = TEXT.split(\",\")\n",
     "\n",
     "for w in Wordlist:\n",

1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.8-ɔ.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# 2.1.8. `ɔ/ɔː`
+# 2.1.8. `ɑː/ɔː`
 
 这一对元音在发声的时候，嘴唇动作非常明显，要在嘴唇形成一个小的圆形之后才开始发音。
 
@@ -6,15 +6,11 @@ When pronouncing this pair of vowels, the lip movement is very noticeable. It's
 
 ![vowels-mouth-shape-ɒ-ɔ](/images/vowels-mouth-shape-ɒ-ɔ.svg)
 
-与英音相比，美音的 `ɒ` 会读得更长一点，听起来更像 `ɑ`。比如，*dog*, 英音是 `/dɒg/`, 美音却是 `/dɔːg/`；而 *God*, 英音是 `/gɒd/`，美音同样相对更长一点，`/gɔːd/` —— 有些词典（比如[朗文词典](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/dog)）为此直接添加了长音符号 `ː`。
+与英音的 `ɒ` 相比，美音的 `ɑː` 会嘴巴张得更大一点，读得更长一点，听起来更像 `ɑ`。比如，*dog*, 英音是 `/dɒg/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/dog-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/dog-uk-female.mp3"></span>, 美音却是 `/dɑːg/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/dog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/dog-us-female.mp3"></span>；而 *God*, 英音是 `/gɒd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/god-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/god-uk-female.mp3"></span>，美音同样相对更长一点，`/gɑːd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/god-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/god-us-female.mp3"></span>。
 
-Compared to British English, the American pronunciation of `ɒ` is slightly *longer* and sounds more like `ɑ`. For instance, for the word *dog*, in British English, it's pronounced as `/dɒg/`, while in American English, it's pronounced as `/dɔːg/`. Similarly, for *God*, it's `/gɒd/` in British English, but in American English it's elongated to `/gɔːd/`. Some dictionaries, like the [Longman Dictionary](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/dog), directly add the lengthening symbol `ː` for this reason.
+Compared to British English, the American pronunciation of `ɒ` is slightly *longer* and sounds more like `ɑ`. For instance, for the word *dog*, in British English, it's pronounced as `/dɒg/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/dog-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/dog-uk-female.mp3"></span>, while in American English, it's pronounced as `/dɑːg/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/dog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/dog-us-female.mp3"></span>. Similarly, for *God*, it's `/gɒd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/god-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/god-uk-female.mp3"></span> in British English, but in American English it's elongated to `/gɑːd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/god-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/god-us-female.mp3"></span>.
 
-另外，在重读音节里，`ɔː` 可能会被美国人儿化，读成 `ɔr` ，更像是双元音 `ɔər`。
+另外，在重读音节里，`ɔː` 可能会被美国人儿化，读成 `ɔː` ，更像是双元音 `ɔər`。比如，*more* `/mɔːr/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/more-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/more-us-female.mp3"></span>。
 
-Additionally, in *stressed* syllables, `ɔː` might be rhotacized by Americans to sound like `ɔr`, resembling the diphthong `ɔər`.
+Additionally, in *stressed* syllables, `ɔː` might be rhotacized by Americans to sound like `ɔr`, resembling the diphthong `ɔər`, for example, *more* `/mɔːr/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/more-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/more-us-female.mp3"></span>.
 
-> [!Info]
-> D.J. 音标最初的时候短元音用 `ɔ`，长元音用 `ɔː`；但后来短元音 `ɔ` 开始使用笔划上闭口的 `ɒ`，而长元音依然使用带着长音符号且笔划上开口的 `ɔː`。
->  
-> Initially, in the D.J. phonetic alphabet, short vowels used `ɔ`, and long vowels used `ɔː`. But later, the short vowel `ɔ` started being represented with a closing stroke on the upper part as `ɒ`, while the long vowel continued to use `ɔː` with the lengthening symbol and an open stroke on top.

1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.9-aɪ.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# 2.1.9. `aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, eə, ɪə, ʊə, aʊ, əʊ`
+# 2.1.9. `aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, aʊ, əʊ, er, ɪr, ʊr`
 
 亚洲语系基本上都没有和英文一样**长度**的**双元音**。韩文日文的母音和中文的韵母虽然都有少数由两个基础音素构成的组合音，但，它们和英文的双元音不同的地方在于，它们都是和其它韵母或者母音**等长**的，而不是像英文双元音的长度那样几乎是短元音的**两倍**。
 
@@ -12,23 +12,23 @@ For instance, when Chinese say *too tired* or "太累了," the syllable `tài` h
 
 In English, diphthongs are a combination of two vowel sounds. They *glide* from the first vowel to the second, making them similar in length to long vowels. In terms of *rhythm*, you can think of them like a triplet in music, where three notes of equal length fit within one beat. The first sound tends to be slightly longer, while the second sound is a bit shorter.
 
-读 `aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ` 的时候，唇形分别从 `ɑ, e, ɔ` 开始，唇形保持不变，用喉咙完成从其实元音到 `ɪ` 的过度。
+读 `aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ` 的时候，唇形分别从 `ɑ, e, ɔ` 开始，唇形保持不变，用喉咙完成从起始元音到 `ɪ` 的过度。
 
 When pronouncing the sounds `aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ`, begin with the mouth shapes for `ɑ, e, ɔ` respectively. Keep lips in the same position and use throat to glide from the initial vowel sound to `ɪ`.
 
 ![vowels-mouth-shape-aɪ](/images/vowels-mouth-shape-aɪ.svg)
 
-读 `eə, ɪə, ʊə` 的时候，也一样，唇形分别从 `e, ɪ, ʊ` 开始，唇形保持不变，用喉咙完成从其实元音到 `ə` 的过度。美音会儿化这个 `ə`，所以是 `eər, ɪər, ʊər`，或者干脆写成 `er, ɪr, ʊr`。
+读 `er, ɪr, ʊr` 的时候，也一样，唇形分别从 `e, ɪ, ʊ` 开始，唇形保持不变，用喉咙完成从起始元音到 `ɚ` 的过度。美音会儿化这个 `ə`，所以是 `eɚ, ɪɚ, ʊɚ`，于是干脆写成 `er, ɪr, ʊr`。
 
-When pronouncing `eə, ɪə, ʊə`, it's the same process. Start with the mouth shapes for `e, ɪ, ʊ`, keep lips steady, and use your throat to glide from the initial vowel to `ə`. Americans  tend to *rhotacize* (add an `r` sound to) this `ə`, so it becomes `eər, ɪər, ʊər`. Alternatively, they are written as `er, ɪr, ʊr`.
+When pronouncing `er, ɪr, ʊr`, it's the same process. Start with the mouth shapes for `e, ɪ, ʊ`, keep lips steady, and use your throat to glide from the initial vowel to rhotacized `ɚ`, so it becomes `eɚ, ɪɚ, ʊɚ`, which are written as `er, ɪr, ʊr`.
 
 ![vowels-mouth-shape-eə](/images/vowels-mouth-shape-eə.svg)
 
-读 `aʊ, əʊ` 的时候，唇形有变化，要分别从 `ɑ, ə` 开始，而后过度到 `ʊ`。
+读 `aʊ, oʊ` 的时候，唇形有变化，要分别从 `ɑ, ə` 开始，而后过度到 `ʊ`。
 
 ![vowels-mouth-shape-aʊ](/images/vowels-mouth-shape-aʊ.svg)
 
-When pronouncing the sounds `aʊ, əʊ`, mouth shape should *change*. Start with the sounds `ɑ, ə` respectively, then glide towards the `ʊ` sound.
+When pronouncing the sounds `aʊ, oʊ`, mouth shape should *change*. Start with the sounds `ɑ, ə` respectively, then glide towards the `ʊ` sound.
 
 在读它们的时候，重要的是，要把它们读得**足够长** —— 几乎要占用两个元音的发声时长，并且足够饱满。