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xiaolai
2024-03-19 11:20:24 +08:00
committed by Lyric
parent 85c4da7bee
commit a4705c454d
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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.4.1-stop.md
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@@ -24,17 +24,19 @@ Another frequent stop is more subtle. It's there, but you can't see or hear it.
Consider the word *hotdog*. You can't hear the 't,' but the articulation is complete. So instead of hearing '/ˈhɑtˌdɔg/' or '/ˈhɑˌdɔg/,' you hear '/ˈhɑ·ˌdɔg/' – the '·' represents a stop created by the 't' sound's complete articulation without any audible output. Try the same with 'network' – the 't' applies the same principle.
这类**停顿**（*stop*），也叫**塞音**，最常见的有 *4* 种：
这类**停顿**（*stop*），也叫**塞音**，最常见的有以下几种：
There are *4* main types of *stops*, in English:
There are several types of *stops* in English:
> * 唇塞音：`p`、`b`、`m` —— I just cannot *hel**p*** myself. 第四个单词 `/help/` 末尾的 `p` 就是一个唇塞音。
> * **Labial stop**: As in *I just cannot *hel**p*** myself*, the `p` in `/help/` is a labial stop.
> * **Bilabial stop**: As in *I just cannot *hel**p*** myself*, the `p` in `/help/` is a labial stop.
> * 齿塞音：`θ`、`ð` —— I wish the *pa**th*** to success was smoother. 第四个单词 `/pæθ/` 末尾的 `θ` 就是一个齿塞音。
> * **Dental stop:** `θ`, `ð` - As in *I wish the *pa**th*** to success was smoother*, the final `θ` in `/pæθ/` is a dental stop.
> * **Dental stop**: `θ`, `ð` - As in *I wish the *pa**th*** to success was smoother*, the final `θ` in `/pæθ/` is a dental stop.
> * 龈塞音: `t`、`d` —— He *trie**d*** to discuss his idea with his boss. 第二个单词 `/traɪd/` 末尾的 `d` 就是一个龈塞音。
> * **Alveolar stop**: `t`, `d` - As in *He *trie**d*** to discuss his idea with his boss*, where the final `d` in `/traɪd/` is an alveolar stop.
> * 喉塞音：`k`、`g` —— IPA 里用 `ʔ` 标注。I don't *thin**k** that* is true. 第三个单词 *think* 末尾的 `k` 就是一个喉塞音，`/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`。另外一个喉塞音语 `k`、`g` 没有关系，*uh-oh*, `/ɑʔoʊ/`……
> * 软腭塞音：`k`、`g` —— I don't *thin**k** that* is true. 第三个单词 *think* 末尾的 `k` 就是一个软腭塞音，`/θɪŋk ðæt/`。
> * **Velar stop**: ——
> * 喉塞音：IPA 里用 `ʔ` —— *uh-oh*, `/ɑʔoʊ/`…… `t` 在 `m/n` 之前的时候，会出现这个喉塞音，*utmost* `/ˈʌʔˌmoʊst/`
> * **Glottal stop**: `k`, `g` - denoted as `ʔ` in IPA. *I don't think that is true*. The *k* at the end of the word *think* is a glottal stop, pronounced as `/θɪŋʔ ðæt/`. Another example of a glottal stop which is not related to `k` or `g` is in the expression `uh-oh`, pronounced as `/ɑʔoʊ/`...
不管是哪一种，都是因为之前的一个辅音**虽然并未发出声音却动作完整**造成的。