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08-19-1116, chapter 3.2.4

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# 2.2.5 <span class="pho">f/v</span>
# 3.2.4. <span class="pho">f</span>/<span class="pho">v</span>
## 3.2.4.1. 示例
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><strong>British</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>American</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>D.J.</td>
<td>例词（Example）</td>
<td>IPA</td>
<td>例词（Example）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="pho">f</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_fish_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td><b>f</b>ire <span class="pho alt">faɪə</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/fire-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/fire-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
<td><span class="pho">f</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_fish_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td><b>f</b>ire <span class="pho alt">faɪr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/fire-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/fire-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="pho">v</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_very_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td><b>v</b>oice <span class="pho alt">vɔɪs</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/voice-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/voice-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
<td><span class="pho">v</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_very_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td><b>v</b>oice <span class="pho alt">vɔɪs</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/voice-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/voice-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
## 3.2.4.2. 嘴唇动作
与 <span class="pho">k/g</span> 不一样，<span class="pho">f/v</span> 的发声重点是可以看到的：下嘴唇略微收回，上牙贴在下嘴唇上，而后开始发音。
Unlike <span class="pho">k/g</span>, the articulation of <span class="pho">f/v</span> is actually visible: the *lower lip* retracts slightly, and the *upper teeth* rest on the lower lip before beginning to sound.
![articulator-tongue-tip-fv](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-fv.svg)
韩语中没有这两个音，所以，他们会不由自主地用 <span class="pho">p</span> 替代 <span class="pho">f</span>，用 <span class="pho">b</span> 替代 <span class="pho">v</span>；所以，我们经常会听到韩国人把 *photo* 说成 <span class="pho alt">ˈpoʊˌtoʊ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/photo-ko-kr.mp3"></span>，把 *video* 说成 <span class="pho alt">ˈbɪdioʊ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/video-ko-kr.mp3"></span>……
The Korean language lacks these two sounds, so Koreans will instinctively replace <span class="pho">f</span> with <span class="pho">p</span> and <span class="pho">v</span> with <span class="pho">b</span>. As a result, you often hear Koreans pronouncing *video* as <span class="pho alt">ˈpoʊˌtoʊ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/photo-ko-kr.mp3"></span> and *video* as <span class="pho alt">ˈbɪdioʊ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/video-ko-kr.mp3"></span>...
中国南方有些方言里也没有 <span class="pho">f</span>，所以，他们可能会用 <span class="pho">hw</span> 替代 <span class="pho">f</span>，比如，把 *fight* 读成 <span class="pho alt">hwaɪt</span>；中文的普通话里没有 <span class="pho">v</span>，所以，中国人经常把用 <span class="pho">w</span> 替换 <span class="pho">v</span>，比如，把 *very* 读成 <span class="pho alt">ˈwɛri</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/very-cn-zh.mp3"></span>……
Some dialects in southern China also lack the <span class="pho">f</span> sound, so speakers might substitute <span class="pho">f</span> with <span class="pho">hw</span>. For instance, they might pronounce <span class="pho">fight</span> as <span class="pho alt">hwaɪt</span>. Mandarin Chinese doesn't have a <span class="pho">v</span> sound, so Chinese speakers often replace <span class="pho">v</span> with <span class="pho">w</span>, like pronouncing <span class="pho">very</span> as <span class="pho alt">ˈwɛri</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/very-cn-zh.mp3"></span>...
## 3.2.4.3. 没有 <span class="pho">ɤ</span>
另外需要注意的是，与 <span class="pho">p/b</span>、<span class="pho">t/d</span>、<span class="pho">k/g</span> 不一样，<span class="pho">f/v</span> 在发声的时候**不带**任何轻微的元音音色。
Another thing to note is that, unlike <span class="pho">p/b</span>, <span class="pho">t/d</span>, and <span class="pho">k/g</span>, <span class="pho">f/v</span> are pronounced *without* any slight vowel qualities.
另外需要注意的是，与 <span class="pho">p/b</span>、<span class="pho">t/d</span>、<span class="pho">k/g</span> 不一样，<span class="pho">f/v</span> 在发声的时候**不带**任何轻微的元音音色，哪怕是那个若有若无的 <span class="pho">ɤ</span>。
## 拼写（Spellings）