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# 1.3. 口音Accents
英语也许是地球上地方口音最多的语言,除了英式英语和美式英语之外,还有加大英语、澳大利亚英语、苏格兰英语、新西兰英语…… 即便是在英国之内,也有很多不同的口音,甚至伦敦南部和东部的口音都有可能并不相同。同样,在美国,各个区域的口音事实上有很大区别。
英语也许是地球上地方口音最多的语言,除了英式英语和美式英语之外,还有加大英语、澳大利亚英语、苏格兰英语、新西兰英语…… 即便是在英国之内,也有很多不同的口音,甚至伦敦南部和东部的口音都有可能并不相同。同样,在美国,各个区域的口音事实上有很大区别。
English may well be the language with the most regional accents on Earth. It's not just about British English and American English; there's also Canadian English, Australian English, Scottish English, New Zealand English, and so on. Even within the UK, there are countless different accents. You might find that the accent in South London is different from that in East London. Likewise, in the United States, accents can significantly vary depending on the region.

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# 2.1.2. 舌位Tongue Positions
元音发声时身的位置很重要。以下展示的是每个元音发声时对应的身位置。我们靠移动下巴控制口型的大小,下巴张开得越大,身位置相对越低,同时身位置也越靠后[^1]。
元音发声时身的位置很重要。以下展示的是每个元音发声时对应的身位置。我们靠移动下巴控制口型的大小,下巴张开得越大,身位置相对越低,同时身位置也越靠后[^1]。
The position of your tongue is crucial when pronouncing vowels. The following shows the corresponding tongue position for each vowel sound. We control the shape of our mouth by moving our jaw. The wider we open our jaw, the lower and further back the tongue position will be.
![tongue-positions-of-vowels](/images/tongue-positions-of-vowels.svg)
身的位置决定口腔内气流共振空间的大小,进而可以配合不同的唇形发出不同的元音。
身的位置决定口腔内气流共振空间的大小,进而可以配合不同的唇形发出不同的元音。
The position of your tongue in your mouth determines the size of the resonance space for airflow, which, when paired with different mouth shapes, produces various vowel sounds.
虽然身位置很重要,但 “控制身位置” 对绝大多数人来说并不现实 —— 你试试就知道了。
虽然身位置很重要,但 “控制身位置” 对绝大多数人来说并不现实 —— 你试试就知道了。
While the position of the vocal cords is crucial, trying to consciously control it isn't realistic for most people - just give it a go and you'll see.
以下是朗读一些单词的时候发声器官活动情况的 3D 展示[^2],可以格外注意一下身的位置变动:
以下是朗读一些单词的时候发声器官活动情况的 3D 展示[^2],可以格外注意一下身的位置变动:
Here's a 3D illustration showcasing the activity of articulators when pronouncing certain words, please pay special attention to changes of the tongue positions:
<video controls width="720"> <source src="/videos/3d-presentation.mp4" type="video/mp4"></source>Your browser does not support the video tag. </video>
幸运的是,练习美式发音的时候,只有一种情况需要我们主动控制身位置并专门练习 —— <span class="pho">ə</span> 的儿化音(<span class="pho">ɚ</span> 和 <span class="pho">ɝː</span>),参见 [2.1.5](2.1.5-ə)。
幸运的是,练习美式发音的时候,只有一种情况需要我们主动控制身位置并专门练习 —— <span class="pho">ə</span> 的儿化音(<span class="pho">ɚ</span> 和 <span class="pho">ɝː</span>),参见 [2.1.5](2.1.5-ə)。
Fortunately, when practicing American pronunciation, there's only one situation where we need to actively control and practice the position of the vocal cords - the r-colored vowel sound in <span class="pho">ə</span> (represented as <span class="pho">ɚ</span> and <span class="pho">ɝː</span>). Please refer to section [2.1.5](2.1.5-ə) for more information.

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@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ The difficulty with <span class="pho">l</span> often arises when it's at the end
不妨尝试着先读一下 *milk* <span class="pho alt">mɪlk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/milk-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/milk-us-female.mp3"></span>…… 很多人读出来的实际上是 <span class="pho alt">mjʊk</span>……
Feel free to give the word *milk* <span class="pho alt">mɪlk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/milk-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/students-us-female.mp3"></span> a try... Many people actually pronounce it more like <span class="pho alt">mjʊk</span>...
Feel free to give the word *milk* <span class="pho alt">mɪlk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/milk-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/milk-us-female.mp3"></span> a try... Many people actually pronounce it more like <span class="pho alt">mjʊk</span>...
<span class="pho">l</span> 在音节末尾的时候,有一个看不到的动作,舌尖会向前向上移动直至贴到龈脊。于是,音节末尾的 <span class="pho">l</span> 会掺杂着一个轻微的 <span class="pho">ə</span> 的元音音色。