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# 3.4.3. 辅音 + 辅音(Consonant + Consonant)
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# 2.4.3. 辅音 + 辅音(Consonant + Consonant)
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“**辅音 + 辅音**” 的组合需要注意的地方相对较多。
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The combination of "consonant + consonant" often requires more attention.
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## 3.4.3.1 省音(elision)
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## 2.4.3.1 省音(elision)
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“**辅音 + 辅音**” 的组合,常常会造成前一个辅音虽然发声器官(*articulator*)动作完整但并不发声的情况,于是会出现一个既 “看不见” 也 “听不到” 的**停顿**(*stop*,[3.4.1](3.4.1-stop)),之前举过单词内存在这种情况的例子,*hotdog* 和 *network*,再比如,*hard-nosed*, *partner*……
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Within a meaning group, it's common for a word to end with a consonant and the following word to begin with one, resulting in *elision*.
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## 3.4.3.2. 叠音(geminates)
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## 2.4.3.2. 叠音(geminates)
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上一个音节末尾的辅音和下一个音节开头的辅音相同的时候,这一对相同的辅音被称作**叠音**(*geminates*)。在连贯的自然语音中,这两个辅音就只发声一次 —— 但听起来的时候,有可能感受到前一个辅音存在造成细微停顿。它从机制上来看,其实和**省音**([3.4.3.1](3.4.3-cc#_3-4-3-1-省音-elision))一样。其实哪怕相邻的两个辅音相似的时候,也会发生同样的现象。
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For instance, *at that time* is not pronounced as `/ət ðæt taɪm/`, but as `/ə·ðætaɪm/`. Here, the first `t` is elided because it is followed by another consonant, so you can't hear it. However, the expected pause is still there, represented by `·`. Then, the second `t` and the third `t` form a geminate, and are vocalized only once. Similarly, *a bad day* is not pronounced as `/ə bæd deɪ/`, but as `/ə bæ deɪ/`; *with this*, is not `/wɪθ ðɪs/`,but `/wɪ·ðɪs/`.
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## 3.4.3.3. 同化(assimilation)
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## 2.4.3.3. 同化(assimilation)
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同化(*assimilation*)主要有两种情况:
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> * *increase*, `/ˌɪnˈkris/` → `/ˌɪŋˈkris/`
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> * *brown gate*, `/braʊn geɪt/` → `/braʊŋ geɪt/`
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## 3.4.3.4. 击穿(dropping)
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## 2.4.3.4. 击穿(dropping)
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“辅音 + 辅音” 的组合中,如果第二个辅音是 `h` 的话,它常常被击穿(*dropping*),因为 `h` 原本就是很轻的音,发音时声带并不震动,所以总是自然而然地被前后发音相对更为响亮的声音所掩盖。
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In addition, the `ð` sound can also be dropped, primarily in the common word *them*. For example, *let them* `/lɛt ðəm/` might become `/lɛt-əm/`. When the `ð` is dropped, the `t` ends up sandwiched between two vowels and turns into the voiced flap `t̬`. So, what you say or hear becomes `/lɛt̬əm/`. Therefore, in natural speech, *let him* and *let them* sound identical and only context can determine whether it's *him* or *them*.
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## 3.4.3.5 其它(others)
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## 2.4.3.5 其它(others)
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值得一提的是,`m/n` + `f/v` 的情况。词汇之内我们看过 *comfort* 和 *conversation* 的例子。这种情况在意群之内也经常会遇到,比如,*stem from*, 只能读成 `/sten frəm/`……
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