1.9 KiB
1.9 KiB
1.2 音素（Phonemes）
在自然语音中，不可继续分割的组成部分被称为音素（phonemes）。英语的音素分为元音和辅音。
In natural speech, indivisible sound segments are referred to as phonemes. English language categorizes these phonemes into two types: vowels and consonants.
1.2.1 元音（Vowels）
英语总计约有 20 个元音。
English approximately has 20 vowels.
元音可以被分为短元音（short vowels）和长元音（long vowels）；与此同时，它们也可以分为单元音（monophthongs）和双元音（diphthongs）。
Vowels can be classified into long and short vowels, or alternatively, they can also be grouped as monophthongs and diphthongs.
| Monophthongs | Diphthongs | |
|---|---|---|
| Short vowels | ʌ, e, ə, ɪ, ʊ, ɒ |
|
| Long vowels | ɑː, æ, əː, iː, uː, ɔː |
aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, aʊ, oʊ, eə, ɪə, ʊə |
1.2.2 辅音（Consonants）
英文大约 28 个辅音。
English approximately has 28 consonants.
| Airflow | Voiced or not | Consonants |
|---|---|---|
| Plosive | Voiceless | p, t, k |
| Voiced | b, d, g |
|
| Fricative | Voiceless | f, s, θ, ʃ, h |
| Voiced | v, z, ð, ʒ, r |
|
| Affricate | Voiceless | tʃ, tr, ts |
| Voiced | dʒ, dr, dz |
|
| Nasal | Voiced | m, n, ŋ |
| Lateral | Voiced | l |
| Semivowel | j, w |