85 lines
6.8 KiB
Markdown
85 lines
6.8 KiB
Markdown
# 3.2.7. <span class="pho">ʃ/ʒ</span>
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## 3.2.7.1. 示例
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2"><strong>British</strong></td>
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<td colspan="2"><strong>American</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>D.J.</td>
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<td>例词（Example）</td>
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<td>IPA</td>
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<td>例词（Example）</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="pho">ʃ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_she_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>sh</b>ore <span class="pho alt">ʃɔːr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/shore-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/shore-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><span class="pho">ʃ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_she_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>sh</b>ore <span class="pho alt">ʃɔːr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/shore-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/shore-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="pho">ʒ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_vision_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td>vi<b>s</b>ion <span class="pho alt">ˈvɪʒ.ən</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/vision-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/vision-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><span class="pho">ʒ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_vision_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td>vi<b>s</b>ion <span class="pho alt">ˈvɪʒ.ən</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/vision-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/vision-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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## 3.2.7.2. 舌尖起始位置
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再一次，关键在于发声时舌尖的起始位置，龈脊附近 —— 即，位置 ③。
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<span class="pho">ʃ</span> 和 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 都是舌尖起始位置**接近但没有接触**龈脊（位置 ③）。
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<span class="pho">ʃ</span> 对很多人来说也许难度并不大，因为 <span class="pho">ʃ</span> 的舌尖起始位置其实和汉语拼音的 <span class="pho">[sh]</span> 是一样的。
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><img src="/images/articulator-tongue-tip-positions.svg"></img></td>
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<td><img src="/images/articulator-tongue-tip-sh.svg"></img></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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然而，<span class="pho">ʒ</span> 却可能非常难 —— 虽然它其实只不过是 <span class="pho">ʃ</span> 这个清辅音的浊辅音版本。舌尖起始位置相同，清辅音 <span class="pho">ʃ</span> 没有声带振动，而浊辅音 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 有声带振动。
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除了英语之外，大多语言里没有 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 这个辅音。即便是在英语里，含有这个辅音的词汇也很少，常见的不过几十个而已。中国学生会不由自主地用 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 替代 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> —— 因为 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 是一个他们熟悉的辅音，相当于中文拼音中的 <span class="pho">zh</span>。<span class="pho">ʒ</span> 和 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 的区别在于，<span class="pho">ʒ</span> 发声时**舌尖贴近但没有接触到龈脊**；而 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 发声时起始的舌尖贴在龈脊（与 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 同一个位置 ③）。
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少数人知道 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 替代 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 不是一回事，但，由于舌尖起始位置并不准确，所以他们说出来的 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 听起来更接近 <span class="pho">r</span> —— 舌尖缩得过头了 —— <span class="pho">r</span> ④ 发声时舌尖起始位置相对于 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> ③ 要更靠后一点。
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## 3.2.7.3. 拼写（Spellings）
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### <span class="pho">ʃ</span>
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* **s**
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* sugar <span class="pho alt">ˈʃʊɡ.ɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/sugar-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/sugar-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* sure <span class="pho alt">ʃʊr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/sure-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/sure-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **ch**
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* chef <span class="pho alt">ʃef</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/chef-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/chef-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* machine <span class="pho alt">məˈʃiːn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/machine-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/machine-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **sh**
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* finish <span class="pho alt">ˈfɪn.ɪʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/finish-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/finish-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* sheep <span class="pho alt">ʃiːp</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/sheep-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/sheep-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **ss**
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* discussion <span class="pho alt">dɪˈskʌʃ.ən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/discussion-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/discussion-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* mission <span class="pho alt">ˈmɪʃ.ən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/mission-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/mission-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* pressure <span class="pho alt">ˈpreʃ.ɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/pressure-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/pressure-us-female.mp3"></span>
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### <span class="pho">ʒ</span>
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* **g**
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* genre <span class="pho alt">ˈʒɑːn.rə</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/genre-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/genre-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* garage <span class="pho alt">ɡəˈrɑːʒ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/garage-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/garage-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **s**
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* measure <span class="pho alt">ˈmeʒ.ɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/measure-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/measure-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* leisure <span class="pho alt">ˈliː.ʒɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/leisure-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/leisure-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* decision <span class="pho alt">dɪˈsɪʒ.ən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/decision-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/decision-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* fusion <span class="pho alt">ˈfjuː.ʒən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/fusion-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/fusion-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **z**
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* azure <span class="pho alt">ˈæʒ.ɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/azure-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/azure-us-female.mp3"></span>
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