99 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
99 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
# 3.2.8. <span class="pho">tʃ/dʒ</span>
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## 3.2.8.1. 示例
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2"><strong>British</strong></td>
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<td colspan="2"><strong>American</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>D.J.</td>
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<td>例词（Example）</td>
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<td>IPA</td>
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<td>例词（Example）</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="pho">tʃ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_cheese_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>ch</b>eck <span class="pho alt">tʃek</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/check-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/check-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><span class="pho">tʃ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_cheese_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>ch</b>eck <span class="pho alt">tʃek</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/check-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/check-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="pho">dʒ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_jump_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>j</b>et <span class="pho alt">dʒet</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/jet-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/jet-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><span class="pho">dʒ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_jump_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>j</b>et <span class="pho alt">dʒet</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/jet-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/jet-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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## 3.2.8.2. 舌尖起始位置
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<span class="pho">ʃ/ʒ</span> 发声时舌尖贴近但没有接触到龈脊，<span class="pho">tʃ/dʒ</span> 则需要舌尖贴到龈脊（位置 ③），和 <span class="pho">t/d</span> 一样；但，无论是 <span class="pho">ʃ/ʒ</span> 还是 <span class="pho">tʃ/dʒ</span> 发声时舌背后部都抬得较高，舍的两侧抵到后牙。
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><img src="/images/articulator-tongue-tip-positions.svg"></img></td>
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<td><img src="/images/articulator-tongue-tip-chzh.svg"></img></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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为了让舌尖适应那个部位，不妨反复练习：
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> * <span class="pho">ʃ... tʃ... ʃ... tʃ... ʃ... tʃ... ʃ... tʃ... ʃ... tʃ...</span>
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> * <span class="pho">ʒ... dʒ... ʒ... dʒ... ʒ... dʒ... ʒ... dʒ... ʒ... dʒ...</span>
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> * <span class="pho">ʃ... ʒ... ʃ... ʒ... ʃ... ʒ... ʃ... ʒ... ʃ... ʒ...</span>
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> * <span class="pho">tʃ... dʒ... tʃ... dʒ... tʃ... dʒ... tʃ... dʒ... tʃ... dʒ...</span>
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## 3.2.8.3.多个舌尖起始位置比较
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比较一下以下的辅音发声时**舌尖起始位置**的不同：
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> * <span class="pho">t/d</span> 的舌尖起始位置时贴在龈脊的前部 ③；
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> * <span class="pho">s/z</span> 要相对于 <span class="pho">t/d</span> 往前一些，贴近但没有接触到牙齿和牙龈的接缝处 ②；
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> * <span class="pho">θ/ð</span> 要相对于 <span class="pho">s/z</span>再往前一些，贴在牙齿上，或者伸出牙齿一点点 ①；
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> * <span class="pho">ʃ/ʒ</span> 和 <span class="pho">t/d</span> 一样，接近但没有接触到龈脊的那个部位 ③；
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> * <span class="pho">tʃ/dʒ</span> 和 <span class="pho">t/d</span> 一样，贴在龈脊的那个部位 ③；
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> * <span class="pho">r</span> 相对于 <span class="pho">ʃ/ʒ</span> 还要再往后一点，贴在龈脊的那个部位 ④……
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## 3.2.8.4. 拼写（Spellings）
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### <span class="pho">ʧ</span>
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* **ch**
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* charm <span class="pho alt">tʃɑːrm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/charm-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/charm-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* church <span class="pho alt">tʃɝːtʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/church-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/church-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* teach <span class="pho alt">tiːtʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/teach-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/teach-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **tch**
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* match <span class="pho alt">mætʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/match-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/match-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* pitch <span class="pho alt">pɪtʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/pitch-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/pitch-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* watch <span class="pho alt">wɑːtʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/watch-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/watch-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **t** (+ure)
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* creature <span class="pho alt">ˈkriː.tʃɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/creature-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/creature-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* future <span class="pho alt">ˈfjuː.tʃɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/future-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/future-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* nature <span class="pho alt">ˈneɪ.tʃɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/nature-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/nature-us-female.mp3"></span>
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### <span class="pho">dʒ</span>
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* **d**
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* soldier <span class="pho alt">ˈsoʊl.dʒɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/soldier-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/soldier-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* procedure <span class="pho alt">prəˈsiː.dʒɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/procedure-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/procedure-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **g**
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* gentle <span class="pho alt">ˈdʒen.t̬əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/gentle-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/gentle-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* giant <span class="pho alt">ˈdʒaɪ.ənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/giant-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/giant-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* rage <span class="pho alt">reɪdʒ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/rage-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/rage-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **dg**
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* badge <span class="pho alt">bædʒ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/badge-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/badge-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* bridge <span class="pho alt">brɪdʒ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/bridge-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/bridge-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* judge <span class="pho alt">dʒʌdʒ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/judge-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/judge-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **j**
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* job <span class="pho alt">dʒɑːb</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/job-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/job-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* joy <span class="pho alt">dʒɔɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/joy-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/joy-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* jump <span class="pho alt">dʒʌmp</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/jump-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/jump-us-female.mp3"></span>
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