93 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
93 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# 2.1.8. <span class="pho">ɑː/ɔː/ɔːr</span>
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这一对元音在发声的时候，嘴唇动作非常明显，要在嘴唇形成一个小的圆形之后才开始发音。
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When pronouncing this pair of vowels, the lip movement is very noticeable. It's important to form a small circle with lips before beginning to vocalize.
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在 CEPD 里，美音 <span class="pho">ɑː</span> 实际上对应的是英音里的短元音 <span class="pho">ɒ</span>。在美音里，<span class="pho">ɑː</span> 可以被理解为是个半长元音。
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In the Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (CEPD), the American English vowel sound <span class="pho">ɑː</span> actually corresponds with the short vowel sound <span class="pho">ɒ</span> in British English. In American English, <span class="pho">ɑː</span> can be thought of as a *semi-long* vowel.
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与英音的 <span class="pho">ɒ</span> 相比，美音的 <span class="pho">ɑː</span> 会嘴巴张得更大一点，读得更长一点，听起来更像 <span class="pho">ɑ</span>，但口型略圆。比如，*dog*, 英音是 <span class="pho alt">dɒg</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/dog-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/dog-uk-female.mp3"></span>, 美音却是 <span class="pho alt">dɑːg</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/dog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/dog-us-female.mp3"></span>；而 *God*, 英音是 <span class="pho alt">gɒd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/god-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/god-uk-female.mp3"></span>，美音同样相对更长一点，<span class="pho alt">gɑːd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/god-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/god-us-female.mp3"></span>。
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Compared to the British <span class="pho">ɒ</span>, the American <span class="pho">ɑː</span> is pronounced with a slightly more open mouth, held a bit longer, and sounds more like <span class="pho">ɑ</span>. However, the shape of the mouth is slightly rounded. For instance, for the word *dog*, in British English, it's pronounced as <span class="pho alt">dɒg</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/dog-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/dog-uk-female.mp3"></span>, while in American English, it's pronounced as <span class="pho alt">dɑːg</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/dog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/dog-us-female.mp3"></span>. Similarly, for *God*, it's <span class="pho alt">gɒd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/god-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/god-uk-female.mp3"></span> in British English, but in American English it's elongated to <span class="pho alt">gɑːd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/god-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/god-us-female.mp3"></span>.
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但是，长元音 <span class="pho">ɔː</span> 在美式英语里，也许口型张得相对更大一些，但，并没有 <span class="pho">ɑ</span> 的音色。比如，*ordinary* <span class="pho alt">ˈɔːrdəneri</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/ordinary-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/ordinary-us-female.mp3"></span> 或者 inventory <span class="pho alt">ˈɪnvəntɔːri</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/inventory-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/inventory-us-female.mp3"></span>。
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However, the long vowel sound <span class="pho">ɔː</span> in American English might require a slightly wider mouth opening, but it doesn't have the flavor of <span class="pho">ɑ</span> sound. For example, *ordinary* <span class="pho alt">ˈɔːrdəneri</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/ordinary-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/ordinary-us-female.mp3"></span> or *inventory* <span class="pho alt">ˈɪnvəntɔːri</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/inventory-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/inventory-us-female.mp3"></span>.
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另外，在重读音节里，<span class="pho">ɔː</span> 可能会被美国人儿化，读成 <span class="pho">ɔːr</span> ，更像是双元音 <span class="pho">ɔər</span>。比如，*more* <span class="pho alt">mɔːr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/more-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/more-us-female.mp3"></span>。
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Additionally, in *stressed* syllables, <span class="pho">ɔː</span> might be rhotacized by Americans to sound like <span class="pho">ɔːr</span>, resembling the diphthong <span class="pho">ɔər</span>, for example, *more* <span class="pho alt">mɔːr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/more-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/more-us-female.mp3"></span>.
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## 拼写（Spellings）
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### <span class="pho">ɑː</span> (equivalent to British <span class="pho">ɒ</span>)
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* **a**
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- father <span class="pho alt">ˈfɑː.ðɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/father-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/father-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- watch <span class="pho alt">wɑːtʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/watch-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/watch-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- wasp <span class="pho alt">wɑːsp</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/wasp-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/wasp-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **al**
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- almond <span class="pho alt">ˈɑːl.mənd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/almond-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/almond-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- balm <span class="pho alt">bɑːm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/balm-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/balm-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- palm <span class="pho alt">pɑːm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/palm-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/palm-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **au**
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- because <span class="pho alt">bɪˈkɑːz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/because-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/because-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- clause <span class="pho alt">klɑːz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/clause-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/clause-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- paunch <span class="pho alt">pɑːntʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/paunch-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/paunch-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **aw**
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- drawn <span class="pho alt">drɑːn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/drawn-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/drawn-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- awning <span class="pho alt">ˈɑː.nɪŋ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/awning-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/awning-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- law <span class="pho alt">lɑː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/law-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/law-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **o**
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- hot <span class="pho alt">hɑːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hot-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- dog <span class="pho alt">dɑːɡ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/dog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/dog-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- log <span class="pho alt">lɑːɡ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/log-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/log-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **ough**
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- bought <span class="pho alt">bɑːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/bought-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/bought-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- thought <span class="pho alt">θɑːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/thought-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/thought-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- fought <span class="pho alt">fɑːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/fought-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/fought-us-female.mp3"></span>
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### <span class="pho">ɔː</span>
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* **al**
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- palsy <span class="pho alt">ˈpɔːl.zi</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/palsy-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/palsy-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- saltine <span class="pho alt">sɔːlˈtiːn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/saltine-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/saltine-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- wall <span class="pho alt">wɑːl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/wall-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/wall-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **au**
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- aurora <span class="pho alt">ɔːˈrɔːr.ə</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/aurora-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/aurora-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- caudal <span class="pho alt">ˈkɔː.dəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/caudal-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/caudal-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- saute <span class="pho alt">sɔːˈteɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/saute-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/saute-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **aw**
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- draw <span class="pho alt">drɔː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/draw-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/draw-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- saw <span class="pho alt">sɔː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/saw-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/saw-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **o**
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- boring <span class="pho alt">ˈbɔː.rɪŋ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/boring-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/boring-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- orange <span class="pho alt">ˈɔːr.ɪndʒ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/orange-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/orange-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- inventory <span class="pho alt">ˈɪn.vən.tɔːr.i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/inventory-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/inventory-us-female.mp3"></span>
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### <span class="pho">ɔːr</span>
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* **or**
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- fork <span class="pho alt">fɔːrk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/fork-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/fork-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- horse <span class="pho alt">hɔːrs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/horse-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/horse-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- short <span class="pho alt">ʃɔːrt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/short-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/short-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **oar**
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- board <span class="pho alt">bɔːrd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/board-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/board-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- soar <span class="pho alt">sɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/soar-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/soar-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- roar <span class="pho alt">rɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/roar-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/roar-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **our**
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- four <span class="pho alt">fɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/four-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/four-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- pour <span class="pho alt">pɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/pour-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/pour-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **ore**
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- core <span class="pho alt">kɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/core-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/core-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- more <span class="pho alt">mɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/more-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/more-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- shore <span class="pho alt">ʃɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/shore-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/shore-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **oor**
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- door <span class="pho alt">dɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/door-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/door-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- floor <span class="pho alt">flɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/floor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/floor-us-female.mp3"></span>
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