48 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
48 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# 1.1 字母（Alphabet）
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英语总计使用 26 个**字母**（*letters*），各有大小写之分。在欧洲语言之中，英语是罕见的不使用**修饰符**（*diacritics*）的文字 —— 所谓修饰符，指的是字母上附加的标记，用以区分发音或者意义，比如，*â*、*é*、*ç*，等等。
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Modern English is composed of *26* letters, each with both *uppercase* and *lowercase* forms. English stands out among European languages for not using [diacritics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacritic), which are special marks added to letters to alter their pronunciation or meaning, such as *â*, *é* or *ç*, etc.
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北约（NATO）有一套指称英文字母的系统，用以在仅有语音交流的情况下避免歧义 —— 在军事、航空、紧急救助、无线电或者电话沟通等诸多场合中具备不可或缺的作用。
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[NATO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO) has a system that uses common words to identify each letter, which is particularly helpful for military and civil aviation, emergency serivces, radio or phone communication, and many others to avoid confusion when spelling out words.
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| Letter | Pronunciation | NATO Phonetic Alphabet |
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| --------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **A** *a* | <span class="pho alt">eɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/a-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/a-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Alpha* <span class="pho alt">ˈælfə</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Alpha-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Alpha-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **B** *b* | <span class="pho alt">biː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/b-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/b-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Bravo* <span class="pho alt">ˈbrɑːvoʊ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Bravo-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Bravo-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **C** *c* | <span class="pho alt">siː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/c-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/c-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Charlie* <span class="pho alt">ˈtʃɑːrli</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Charlie-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Charlie-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **D** *d* | <span class="pho alt">diː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/d-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/d-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Delta* <span class="pho alt">ˈdeltə</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Delta-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Delta-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **E** *e* | <span class="pho alt">iː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/e-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/e-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Echo* <span class="pho alt">ˈekoʊ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Echo-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Echo-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **F** *f* | <span class="pho alt">ef</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/f-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/f-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Foxtrot* <span class="pho alt">ˈfɔːkstrɒt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Foxtrot-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Foxtrot-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **G** *g* | <span class="pho alt">dʒiː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/g-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/g-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Golf* <span class="pho alt">ɡɑːf</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Golf-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Golf-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **H** *h* | <span class="pho alt">eɪtʃ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/h-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/h-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Hotel* <span class="pho alt">hoʊˈtel</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Hotel-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Hotel-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **I** *i* | <span class="pho alt">aɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/i-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/i-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *India* <span class="pho alt">ˈɪndiə</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/India-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/India-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **J** *j* | <span class="pho alt">dʒeɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/j-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/j-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Juliet* <span class="pho alt">ˈdʒuːliət, ˈdʒuːliˌet</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Juliet-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Juliet-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **K** *k* | <span class="pho alt">keɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/k-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/k-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Kilo* <span class="pho alt">ˈkiːloʊ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Kilo-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Kilo-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **L** *l* | <span class="pho alt">el</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/l-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/l-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Lima* <span class="pho alt">ˈliːmə</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Lima-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Lima-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **M** *m* | <span class="pho alt">em</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/m-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/m-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Mike* <span class="pho alt">maɪk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Mike-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Mike-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **N** *n* | <span class="pho alt">en</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/n-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/n-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *November* <span class="pho alt">noʊˈvembɚ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/November-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/November-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **O** *o* | <span class="pho alt">oʊ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/o-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/o-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Oscar* <span class="pho alt">ˈɑːskɑːr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Oscar-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Oscar-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **P** *p* | <span class="pho alt">piː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/p-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/p-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Papa* <span class="pho alt">ˈpɑːpɑ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Papa-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Papa-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **Q** *q* | <span class="pho alt">kjuː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/q-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/q-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Quebec* <span class="pho alt">kwəˈbek</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Quebec-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Quebec-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **R** *r* | <span class="pho alt">ɑːr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/r-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/r-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Romeo* <span class="pho alt">ˈroʊmioʊ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Romeo-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Romeo-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **S** *s* | <span class="pho alt">es</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/s-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/s-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Sierra* <span class="pho alt">siˈerə</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Sierra-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Sierra-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **T** *t* | <span class="pho alt">tiː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/t-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/t-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Tango* <span class="pho alt">ˈtæŋɡoʊ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Tango-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Tango-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **U** *u* | <span class="pho alt">juː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/u-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/u-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Uniform* <span class="pho alt">ˈjuːnəfɔːrm</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Uniform-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Uniform-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **V** *v* | <span class="pho alt">viː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/v-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/v-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Victor* <span class="pho alt">ˈvɪktɚ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Victor-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Victor-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **W** *w* | <span class="pho alt">ˈdʌbᵊljuː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/w-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/w-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Whiskey* <span class="pho alt">ˈwɪskiː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Whiskey-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Whiskey-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **X** *x* | <span class="pho alt">eks</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/x-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/x-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *X-ray* <span class="pho alt">ˈeks.reɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/X-ray-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/X-ray-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **Y** *y* | <span class="pho alt">waɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/y-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/y-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Yankee* <span class="pho alt">ˈjæŋkiː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Yankee-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Yankee-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **Z** *z* | <span class="pho alt">ziː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/z-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/z-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Zulu* <span class="pho alt">ˈzuːluː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Zulu-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Zulu-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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在英式英语中，*z* 被读作 <span class="pho alt">zed</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/zed-uk.mp3"></span>。
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In British, letter *z* is pronounced as <span class="pho alt">zed</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/zed-uk.mp3"></span>.
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> [!Note]
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>
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> * 合成语音文件使用的是 OpenAI 的 TTS (Text-to-Speech) 和微软的 Edge's TTS。蓝色喇叭图标<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Alpha-us-guy.mp3"></span>是男性语音，红色喇叭图标<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Alpha-us-jen.mp3"></span>是女性语音。
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> * The synthesized audio files primarily utilizes OpenAI's TTS (Text-to-Speech) and Microsoft Edge's TTS. The blue background speaker icon<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Alpha-us-guy.mp3"></span>represents a male voice, whereas the red background speaker icon<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Alpha-us-jen.mp3"></span>signifies a female voice.
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