4.5 KiB
2.1.10. ɤ
人类的语音在最底层是相通的 —— 最明显的例证就是所有的语言都一样，不仅都以元音为核心，并且，都有大致相同的基础元音音素，比如 ɑ、i、ʊ、e、ɔ…… 日文就恰好只有这五个母音。英文还另外有一个 ə；而韩文比英文还要多出一个 ɤ（韩文字符为 ᅳ） —— 这个音中文也有，比如，在 “思念” 这个词中， “思”（sī）的韵母就是这个音。
Human speech, at its core, is universal - the clearest example being that all languages share certain fundamental tenets. Every language places vowels at their heart and maintains a similar basic vowel phonemes such as ɑ, i, ʊ, e, ɔ, amongst others. Take Japanese for instance; it uses precisely these five vowels only. English includes one more: ə. Korean even outpaces English by adding another one —ɤ (represented in Hangul as ᅳ). Interestingly enough you can find this sound in Mandarin Chinese too — like in sī of "思念" sīniàn, meaning to miss or remember.
虽然英文的音标列表里并没有收录 ɤ 这个音，可实际上，你试试就知道了：d 被读作 dɤ，g 被读作 gɤ —— 其中的 ɤ 很轻很短；同样，t 实际上被读作 tɤ，k 被读作 kɤ —— 其中的 ɤ 没有气流振动。
Even though the phonetic symbol ɤ isn't included in English phonetic chart, you'll notice something interesting if you try it out: the letter d is actually pronounced as dɤ, and g is pronounced as gɤ. Here, the ɤ sound is very light and brief. Similarly, t is actually pronounced as tɤ, and k is pronounced as kɤ, with the ɤ not involving any airflow vibration.
之前讲过，非重音音节里的元音可能会被弱化为 schwa（2.1.5-ə）ə…… 在自然语流中，连 schwa ə 都可能会被进一步弱化,变成非常轻的 ɤ。比如，常用词 reasonable，字典里标注的当然是 ˈriːzənəbəl，实际听到的常常是 ˈriːzɤnəbəl —— "so" 这个音节的发音不是 zə，而是 zɤ 甚至 z……
Previously, we discussed that vowels in unstressed syllables might be reduced to a schwa ə (2.1.5-ə). In natural speech, even the schwa ə can be further weakened to a very light ɤ. For example, take the common word reasonable. The dictionary may mark it as ˈriːzənəbəl, but in real-life conversations, you often hear it pronounced as ˈriːzɤnəbəl. This means the syllable "so" sounds more like zɤ or even z, rather than zə.