13 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
13 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
# 2.1.10. <span class="pho">ɤ</span>
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人类的语音在最底层是相通的 —— 最明显的例证就是所有的语言都一样，不仅都以元音为核心，并且，都有大致相同的基础元音音素，比如 <span class="pho">ɑ</span>、<span class="pho">i</span>、<span class="pho">ʊ</span>、<span class="pho">e</span>、<span class="pho">ɔ</span>…… 日文就恰好只有这五个母音。英文还另外有一个 <span class="pho">ə</span>；而韩文比英文还要多出一个 <span class="pho">ɤ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/us/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3"></span>（韩文字符为 <span class="pho">ᅳ</span>） —— 这个音中文也有，比如，在 “思念” 这个词中， “思”（<span class="pho">sī</span>）的韵母就是这个音。
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Human speech, at its core, is universal - the clearest example being that all languages share certain fundamental tenets. Every language places vowels at their heart and maintains a similar basic vowel phonemes such as <span class="pho">ɑ</span>, <span class="pho">i</span>, <span class="pho">ʊ</span>, <span class="pho">e</span>, <span class="pho">ɔ</span>, amongst others. Take Japanese for instance; it uses precisely these five vowels only. English includes one more: <span class="pho">ə</span>. Korean even outpaces English by adding another one —<span class="pho">ɤ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/us/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3"></span> (represented in Hangul as <span class="pho">ᅳ</span>). Interestingly enough you can find this sound in Mandarin Chinese too — like in <span class="pho">sī</span> of "思念" <span class="pho">sīniàn</span>, meaning to miss or remember.
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虽然英文的音标列表里并没有收录 <span class="pho">ɤ</span> 这个音，可实际上，你试试就知道了：<span class="pho">d</span> 被读作 <span class="pho">dɤ</span>，<span class="pho">g</span> 被读作 <span class="pho">gɤ</span> —— 其中的 <span class="pho">ɤ</span> 很轻很短；同样，<span class="pho">t</span> 实际上被读作 <span class="pho">tɤ</span>，<span class="pho">k</span> 被读作 <span class="pho">kɤ</span> —— 其中的 <span class="pho">ɤ</span> 没有气流振动。
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Even though the phonetic symbol <span class="pho">ɤ</span> isn't included in English phonetic chart, you'll notice something interesting if you try it out: the letter <span class="pho">d</span> is actually pronounced as <span class="pho">dɤ</span>, and <span class="pho">g</span> is pronounced as <span class="pho">gɤ</span>. Here, the <span class="pho">ɤ</span> sound is very light and brief. Similarly, <span class="pho">t</span> is actually pronounced as <span class="pho">tɤ</span>, and <span class="pho">k</span> is pronounced as <span class="pho">kɤ</span>, with the <span class="pho">ɤ</span> not involving any airflow vibration.
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之前讲过，非重音音节里的元音可能会被弱化为 *schwa*（[2.1.5-ə](2.1.5-ə)）<span class="pho">ə</span>…… 在自然语流中，连 *schwa* <span class="pho">ə</span> 都可能会被进一步弱化,变成非常轻的 <span class="pho">ɤ</span>。比如，常用词 *reasonable*，字典里标注的当然是 <span class="pho alt">ˈriːzənəbəl</span>，实际听到的常常是 <span class="pho alt">ˈriːzɤnəbəl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/reasonable-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/reasonable-us-female.mp3"></span> —— "*so*" 这个音节的发音不是 <span class="pho alt">zə</span>，而是 <span class="pho alt">zɤ</span> 甚至 <span class="pho alt">z</span>……
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Previously, we discussed that vowels in unstressed syllables might be reduced to a *schwa* <span class="pho">ə</span> ([2.1.5-ə](2.1.5-ə)). In natural speech, even the *schwa* <span class="pho">ə</span> can be further weakened to a very light <span class="pho">ɤ</span>. For example, take the common word *reasonable*. The dictionary may mark it as <span class="pho alt">ˈriːzənəbəl</span>, but in real-life conversations, you often hear it pronounced as <span class="pho alt">ˈriːzɤnəbəl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/reasonable-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/reasonable-us-female.mp3"></span>. This means the syllable "*so*" sounds more like <span class="pho alt">zɤ</span> or even <span class="pho alt">z</span>, rather than <span class="pho alt">zə</span>. |