33 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
33 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
# 2.3.1. 构成（Structure of a syllable）
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**英文的词汇由至少一个音节构成**。英文中出现频率最高的几个词，*a/an*, *the*, *of*, *to*, *for*... 等等都是单音节词汇。有的词汇可能很长，由很多音节构成。在英文词典中能找到的最长词汇总计由 19 个音节，45 个字母构成：
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> *[Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis)* <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/En-us-pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis.ogg.mp3"></span>
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>
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> <span class="pho alt">ˌnumənəʊˌəltrəˌmaɪkrəˌskɑpɪkˌsɪləkəʊvɑlˌkeɪnəʊˌkəʊniˈəʊsəs</span>
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一个音节中，有且只有一个元音（被称为 *nucleus*），也是该音节的韵（*rhyme*）。音节以元音为核心，前后可有多达三个辅音构成的组合。
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In a syllable, there is *only* one vowel, known as the *nucleus*, which forms the *rhyme* of the syllable. This vowel is at the core of the syllable, and it can be surrounded by up to three consonants.
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英文的音节构成大抵上有以下几种形式（其中，<span class="pho">c</span> 代表辅音，<span class="pho">v</span> 代表元音）：
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In English, syllables can generally be made up of the following patterns (where <span class="pho">c</span> stands for consonant and <span class="pho">v</span> stands for vowel):
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> * <span class="pho">v</span> - *awe* <span class="pho alt">ɑː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/awe-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/awe-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">vc</span> - *add* <span class="pho alt">æd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/add-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/add-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">vcc</span> - *east* <span class="pho alt">iːst</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/east-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/east-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">vccc</span> - *axed* <span class="pho alt">ækst</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/axed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/axed-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">cv</span> - *the* <span class="pho alt">ðə</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/the-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/the-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">cvc</span> - *dog* <span class="pho alt">dɑːɡ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/dog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/dog-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">cvcc</span> - *task* <span class="pho alt">tæsk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/task-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/task-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">cvccc</span> - *text* <span class="pho alt">tekst</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/text-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/text-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">ccv</span> - *flee* <span class="pho alt">fliː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/flee-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/flee-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">ccvc</span> - *speed* <span class="pho alt">spiːd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/speed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/speed-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">ccvcc</span> - *thrust* <span class="pho alt">θrʌst</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/thrust-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/thrust-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">ccvccc</span> - *flexed* <span class="pho alt">flekst</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/flexed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/flexed-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">cccv</span> - *spray* <span class="pho alt">spreɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/spray-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/spray-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">cccvc</span> - *spring* <span class="pho alt">sprɪŋ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/spring-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/spring-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">cccvcc</span> - *splashed* <span class="pho alt">splæʃt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/splashed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/splashed-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">cccvccc</span> - *scrounged* <span class="pho alt">skraʊndʒd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/scrounged-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/scrounged-us-female.mp3"></span>
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