102 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
102 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# 4.3.2. 常见后缀（Common Suffixes）
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1. **-able** (capable of)
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* readable <span class="pho alt">ˈriː.də.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/readable-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/readable-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* manageable <span class="pho alt">ˈmæn.ə.dʒə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/manageable-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/manageable-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* comfortable <span class="pho alt">ˈkʌm.fɚ.t̬ə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/comfortable-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/comfortable-us-female.mp3"></span>
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2. **-ible** (capable of)
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* visible <span class="pho alt">ˈvɪz.ə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/visible-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/visible-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* flexible <span class="pho alt">ˈflek.sə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/flexible-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/flexible-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* edible <span class="pho alt">ˈed.ə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/edible-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/edible-us-female.mp3"></span>
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3. **-al** (relating to)
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* natural <span class="pho alt">ˈnætʃ.ɚ.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/natural-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/natural-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* musical <span class="pho alt">ˈmjuː.zɪ.kəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/musical-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/musical-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* personal <span class="pho alt">ˈpɝː.sən.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/personal-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/personal-us-female.mp3"></span>
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4. **-ful** (full of)
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* helpful <span class="pho alt">ˈhelp.fəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/helpful-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/helpful-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* joyful <span class="pho alt">ˈdʒɔɪ.fəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/joyful-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/joyful-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* careful <span class="pho alt">ˈker.fəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/careful-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/careful-us-female.mp3"></span>
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5. **-less** (without)
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* hopeless <span class="pho alt">ˈhoʊp.ləs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hopeless-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hopeless-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* fearless <span class="pho alt">ˈfɪr.ləs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/fearless-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/fearless-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* endless <span class="pho alt">ˈend.ləs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/endless-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/endless-us-female.mp3"></span>
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6. **-ly** (in the manner of)
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* quickly <span class="pho alt">ˈkwɪk.li</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/quickly-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/quickly-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* slowly <span class="pho alt">ˈsloʊ.li</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/slowly-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/slowly-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* happily <span class="pho alt">ˈhæp.əl.i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/happily-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/happily-us-female.mp3"></span>
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7. **-ment** (action or process)
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* development <span class="pho alt">dɪˈvel.əp.mənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/development-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/development-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* agreement <span class="pho alt">əˈɡriː.mənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/agreement-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/agreement-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* improvement <span class="pho alt">ɪmˈpruːv.mənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/improvement-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/improvement-us-female.mp3"></span>
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8. **-ness** (state or quality)
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* kindness <span class="pho alt">ˈkaɪnd.nəs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/kindness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/kindness-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* darkness <span class="pho alt">ˈdɑːrk.nəs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/darkness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/darkness-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* happiness <span class="pho alt">ˈhæp.i.nəs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/happiness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/happiness-us-female.mp3"></span>
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9. **-er** (one who, comparative)
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* teacher <span class="pho alt">ˈtiː.tʃɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/teacher-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/teacher-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* runner <span class="pho alt">ˈrʌn.ɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/runner-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/runner-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* faster <span class="pho alt">fæst</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/faster-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/faster-us-female.mp3"></span>
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10. **-or** (one who)
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* actor <span class="pho alt">ˈæk.tɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/actor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/actor-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* inventor <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈven.t̬ɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/inventor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/inventor-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* conductor <span class="pho alt">kənˈdʌk.tɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/conductor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/conductor-us-female.mp3"></span>
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11. **-ist** (one who practices)
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* artist <span class="pho alt">ˈɑːr.t̬ɪst</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/artist-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/artist-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* scientist <span class="pho alt">ˈsaɪən.tɪst</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/scientist-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/scientist-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* pianist <span class="pho alt">ˈpiː.ən.ɪst</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/pianist-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/pianist-us-female.mp3"></span>
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12. **-ion** (action or condition)
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* celebration <span class="pho alt">ˌsel.əˈbreɪ.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/celebration-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/celebration-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* decision <span class="pho alt">dɪˈsɪʒ.ən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/decision-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/decision-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* creation <span class="pho alt">kriˈeɪ.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/creation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/creation-us-female.mp3"></span>
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13. **-tion** (action or condition)
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* education <span class="pho alt">ˌedʒ.əˈkeɪ.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/education-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/education-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* suggestion <span class="pho alt">səˈdʒes.tʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/suggestion-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/suggestion-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* transportation <span class="pho alt">ˌtræn.spɚˈteɪ.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/transportation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/transportation-us-female.mp3"></span>
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14. **-sion** (state or condition)
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* admission <span class="pho alt">ədˈmɪʃ.ən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/admission-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/admission-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* confusion <span class="pho alt">kənˈfjuː.ʒən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/confusion-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/confusion-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* extension <span class="pho alt">ɪkˈsten.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/extension-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/extension-us-female.mp3"></span>
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15. **-ous** (full of)
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* dangerous <span class="pho alt">ˈdeɪn.dʒɚ.əs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/dangerous-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/dangerous-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* nervous <span class="pho alt">ˈnɝː.vəs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/nervous-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/nervous-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* famous <span class="pho alt">ˈfeɪ.məs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/famous-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/famous-us-female.mp3"></span>
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16. **-ive** (tending to)
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* active <span class="pho alt">ˈæk.tɪv</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/active-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/active-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* creative <span class="pho alt">kriˈeɪ.t̬ɪv</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/creative-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/creative-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* attractive <span class="pho alt">əˈtræk.tɪv</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/attractive-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/attractive-us-female.mp3"></span>
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17. **-ic** (relating to)
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* artistic <span class="pho alt">ɑːrˈtɪs.tɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/artistic-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/artistic-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* athletic <span class="pho alt">æθˈlet̬.ɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/athletic-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/athletic-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* energetic <span class="pho alt">ˌen.ɚˈdʒet̬.ɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/energetic-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/energetic-us-female.mp3"></span>
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18. **-ity** (state or quality)
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* reality <span class="pho alt">riˈæl.ə.t̬i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/reality-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/reality-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* ability <span class="pho alt">əˈbɪl.ə.t̬i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/ability-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/ability-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* simplicity <span class="pho alt">sɪmˈplɪs.ə.t̬i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/simplicity-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/simplicity-us-female.mp3"></span>
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19. **-ance** (state or quality)
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* performance <span class="pho alt">pɚˈfɔːr.məns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/performance-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/performance-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* importance <span class="pho alt">ɪmˈpɔːr.təns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/importance-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/importance-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* acceptance <span class="pho alt">əkˈsep.təns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/acceptance-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/acceptance-us-female.mp3"></span>
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20. **-ence** (state or quality)
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* difference <span class="pho alt">ˈdɪf.ɚ.əns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/difference-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/difference-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* independence <span class="pho alt">ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dəns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/independence-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/independence-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* existence <span class="pho alt">ɪɡˈzɪs.təns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/existence-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/existence-us-female.mp3"></span>
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