101 lines
28 KiB
Markdown
101 lines
28 KiB
Markdown
# 音素
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在自然语音中，不可继续分割的组成部分被称为**音素**（*phonemes*）。英语的音素分为**元音**（*vowels*）和**辅音**（*consonants*）。**音标**（*phonetics*）是用来标记音素的符号系统 —— 每个音素都由一个独特的音标符号标记。
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我们采用的是《剑桥英语发声词典》（[Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/), i.e. *CEPD*）的音标标注体系。
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在《剑桥英语发声词典》里，英式英语的音标采用 D.J 音标，而美式英语的音标则采用国际音标（IPA）[^1]，并针对美式英语做了些 “优化”：
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> * `ə` 的长短版本儿化音，分别是 `ɚ` 和 `ɝː`
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> * 短元音 `ɒ` 用 `ɑː` 标注
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> * `ə` 结尾的双元音和三元音，结尾音使用 `r` 替换，比如 `ɪə` ⭢ `ɪr`、`eə` ⭢ `er`
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> * `t` 增加了一个弹舌音版本 `t̬`
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以下罗列的音素、音标、例词、及其部分语音文件均来自于剑桥英语词典的官方网站[^2]：
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> https://dictionary.cambridge.org/help/phonetics.html
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## 元音
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| 音素/音标 | 例词 |
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| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| <span class="pho">ʌ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_cup_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_cup_2023feb.mp3"></span> | c**u**p <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_cup_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_cup_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ɑː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_father_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_father_2023feb.mp3"></span> | f**a**ther <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_father_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_father_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ɑːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_father_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_father_2023feb.mp3"></span> | f**a**ther <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_father_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_father_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_ship_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_ship_2023feb.mp3"></span> | sh**i**p <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_ship_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_ship_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ɪr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_ship_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_ship_2023feb.mp3"></span> | sh**i**p <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_ship_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_ship_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">iː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_sheep_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_sheep_2023feb.mp3"></span> | sh**ee**p <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_sheep_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_sheep_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_happy_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_happy_2023feb.mp3"></span> | happ**y** <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_happy_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_happy_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ʊ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_foot_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_foot_2023feb.mp3"></span> | f**oo**t <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_foot_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_foot_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ʊr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_foot_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_foot_2023feb.mp3"></span> | f**oo**t <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_foot_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_foot_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">uː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_blue_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_blue_2023feb.mp3"></span> | bl**ue** <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_blue_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_blue_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">e</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_head_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_head_2023feb.mp3"></span> | h**ea**d <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_head_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_head_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">er</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_head_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_head_2023feb.mp3"></span> | h**ea**d <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_head_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_head_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">æ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_hat_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_hat_2023feb.mp3"></span> | h**a**t <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_hat_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_hat_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ɒ/ɑː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_sock_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_horse_2023feb.mp3"></span> | s**o**ck <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_sock_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_horse_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ɔː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_horse_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_horse_2023feb.mp3"></span> | h**or**se <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_horse_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_horse_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_horse_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_horse_2023feb.mp3"></span> | h**or**se <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_horse_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_horse_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ə</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_above_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_above_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **a**bove <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_above_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_above_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ɜː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_bird_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_head_2023feb.mp3"></span> | b**ir**d <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_bird_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_head_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_above_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_mother_2023feb.mp3"></span> | moth**er** <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_above_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_mother_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ɝː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_bird_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_bird_2023feb.mp3"></span> | b**ir**d <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_bird_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_bird_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">aɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_eye_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_eye_2023feb.mp3"></span> | eye <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_eye_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_eye_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">aɪr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_eye_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_eye_2023feb.mp3"></span> | eye <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_eye_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_eye_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">eɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_day_2023feb_002.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_day_2023feb_002.mp3"></span> | d**ay** <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_day_2023feb_002.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_day_2023feb_002.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ɔɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_boy_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_boy_2023feb.mp3"></span> | b**oy** <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_boy_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_boy_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">aʊ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_mouth_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_mouth_2023feb.mp3"></span> | m**ou**th <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_mouth_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_mouth_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">aʊr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_mouth_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_mouth_2023feb.mp3"></span> | m**ou**th <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_mouth_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_mouth_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">oʊ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_nose_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_nose_2023feb.mp3"></span> | n**o**se <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_nose_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_nose_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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## 辅音
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| 音素/音标 | 例词 |
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| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| <span class="pho">p</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_pen_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_pen_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **p**en <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_pen_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_pen_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">b</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_book_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_book_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **b**ook <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_book_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_book_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">t</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_town_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_town_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **t**own <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_town_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_town_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">t̬</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_town_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_cutting_2023feb.mp3"></span> | cu**tt**ing <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_town_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_cutting_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">d</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_day_2023feb_001.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_day_2023feb_001.mp3"></span> | **d**ay <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_day_2023feb_001.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_day_2023feb_001.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">k</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_cat_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_cat_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **c**at <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_cat_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_cat_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">g</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_give_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_give_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **g**ive <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_give_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_give_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">f</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_fish_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_fish_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **f**ish <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_fish_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_fish_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">v</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_very_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_very_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **v**ery <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_very_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_very_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">θ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_think_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_think_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **th**ink <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_think_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_think_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ð</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_this_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_this_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **th**is <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_this_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_this_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">s</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_say_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_say_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **s**ay <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_say_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_say_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">z</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_zoo_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_zoo_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **z**oo <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_zoo_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_zoo_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_she_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_she_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **sh**e <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_she_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_she_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ʒ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_vision_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_vision_2023feb.mp3"></span> | vi**si**on <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_vision_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_vision_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">tʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_cheese_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_cheese_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **ch**eese <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_cheese_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_cheese_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">dʒ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_jump_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_jump_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **j**ump <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_jump_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_jump_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">m</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_moon_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_moon_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **m**oon <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_moon_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_moon_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">n</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_name_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_name_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **n**ame <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_name_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_name_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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| <span class="pho">ŋ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_sing_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_sing_2023feb.mp3"></span> | si**ng** <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_sing_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_sing_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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| <span class="pho">l</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_look_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_look_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **l**ook <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_look_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_look_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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| <span class="pho">r</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_run_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_run_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **r**un <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_run_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_run_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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| <span class="pho">w</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_we_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_we_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **w**e <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_we_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_we_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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| <span class="pho">j</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_yes_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_yes_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **y**es <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_yes_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_yes_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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| <span class="pho">h</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_hand_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_hand_2023feb.mp3"></span> | **h**and <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_hand_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_hand_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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|
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## 其他音素/音标
|
||
|
||
| 音素/音标 | 例词 |
|
||
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||
| <span class="pho">u</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_situation_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_situation_2023feb.mp3"></span> | sit**u**ation <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_situation_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_situation_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ɒ̃</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_croissant_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_croissant_2023feb.mp3"></span> | croiss**ant** <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_croissant_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_croissant_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">x</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_loch_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_loch_2023feb.mp3"></span> | lo**ch** <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_loch_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_loch_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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| <span class="pho">ᵊl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_label_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_label_2023feb.mp3"></span> | lab**el** <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_label_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_label_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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| <span class="pho">ᵊm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_criticism_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_criticism_2023feb.mp3"></span> | criticis**m** <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_criticism_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_criticism_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
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| <span class="pho">ᵊn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_sudden_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_sudden_2023feb.mp3"></span> | sudd**en** <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_sudden_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_sudden_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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| <span class="pho">ᵊr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_dictionary_2023jun.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_sudden_2023feb.mp3"></span> | diction**ar**y <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_dictionary_2023jun.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_sudden_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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|
||
## 其他符号
|
||
|
||
| 符号 | 例词 |
|
||
| -------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||
| <span class="pho">.</span> | system <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_system_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_system_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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| <span class="pho">ˈ</span> | sur**prise** <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_surprise_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_surprise_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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| <span class="pho">ˌ</span> | **re**tell <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_word_retell_2023feb.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_word_retell_2023feb.mp3"></span> |
|
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|
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[^1]: 现在几乎所有词典都声称自己采用国际音标（IPA），但它们无一例外，都是国际音标的一个 “**自定义子集**”。
|
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[^2]: 音标的语音文件来自剑桥官方网站；例词的语音文件部分由 Microsoft Edge TTS 生成。 |