48 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
48 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
# 2.1.7. <span class="pho">ʊ/u/uː</span>
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<span class="pho">u</span> 这个元音，地球上的任何语言都用，并且还几乎是一模一样地用，所以，大家读起来都不费劲。有一个细节值得注意，英文里长元音 <span class="pho">uː</span> 发声相对于短元音 <span class="pho">ʊ</span> 嘴唇相对更加略微凸出。请试着比较一下 *boot* <span class="pho alt">buːt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/boot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/boot-us-female.mp3"></span>和 *book* <span class="pho alt">bʊk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/book-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/book-us-female.mp3"></span>.
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This pair of vowels is used in virtually every language on Earth, and it's used in almost exactly the same way, making it easy for everyone to pronounce. There's one detail worth noting: in English, the long vowel <span class="pho">uː</span> requires a smaller mouth shape than the short vowel <span class="pho">ʊ</span>, and lips should protrude slightly more. Try to compare *boot* <span class="pho alt">buːt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/boot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/boot-us-female.mp3"></span>and *book* <span class="pho alt">bʊk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/book-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/book-us-female.mp3"></span>.
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另外，在 CEPD 中，这个音在非重音音节时被标注为 <span class="pho">u</span>，之前见到过的例子是 *situation* <span class="pho alt">ˌsɪtʃ·uˈeɪ·ʃən</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/situation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/situation-us-female.mp3"></span>。
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Additionally, in the Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (CEPD), when the sound occurs in an unstressed syllable, it is marked as <span class="pho">u</span>. For example, in the word situation, it's shown as <span class="pho alt">ˌsɪtʃ·uˈeɪ·ʃən</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/situation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/situation-us-female.mp3"></span>.
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## 拼写（Spellings）
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### <span class="pho">ʊ</span>
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* **u**
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* bush <span class="pho alt">bʊʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/bush-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/bush-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* push <span class="pho alt">pʊʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/push-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/push-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* put <span class="pho alt">pʊt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/put-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/put-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **oo**
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* book <span class="pho alt">bʊk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/book-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/book-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* good <span class="pho alt">ɡʊd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/good-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/good-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* wood <span class="pho alt">wʊd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/wood-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/wood-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **ou**
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* could <span class="pho alt">kʊd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/could-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/could-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* should <span class="pho alt">ʃʊd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/should-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/should-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* would <span class="pho alt">wʊd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/would-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/would-us-female.mp3"></span>
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### <span class="pho">uː</span>
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* **ew**
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* chew <span class="pho alt">tʃuː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/chew-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/chew-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* drew <span class="pho alt">druː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/drew-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/drew-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **o**
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* do <span class="pho alt">duː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/do-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/do-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* to <span class="pho alt">tuː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/to-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/to-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* who <span class="pho alt">huː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/who-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/who-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **oo**
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* boot <span class="pho alt">buːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/boot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/boot-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* food <span class="pho alt">fuːd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/food-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/food-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* moon <span class="pho alt">muːn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/moon-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/moon-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **u**
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* June <span class="pho alt">dʒuːn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/June-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/June-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* rule <span class="pho alt">ruːl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/rule-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/rule-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **ue**
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* glue <span class="pho alt">ɡluː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/glue-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/glue-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* true <span class="pho alt">truː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/true-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/true-us-female.mp3"></span>
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