64 lines
9.0 KiB
Markdown
64 lines
9.0 KiB
Markdown
# 2.2.6. <span class="pho">s/z</span>
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<span class="pho">s/z</span> 对所有人来说都没有什么具体的难度。<span class="pho">s/z</span> 发声时起始的舌尖位置贴近但没有接触到牙齿和牙龈的接缝处 —— 即，位置 ②（参见 [1.4](1.4-articulators)）。
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The <span class="pho">s/z</span> sounds don't really pose a challenge for most people. When producing these sounds, the tip of the tongue is close to, but not touching, the *seam* between teeth and gums, i.e. position ② (as described in [1.4](1.4-articulators)).
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中文里当然也有 <span class="pho">s</span> 这个音，但，中文里的 <span class="pho">s</span> 在发音时舌尖起始位置更接近下排牙齿，即，比位置 ② 更低一些 —— 虽然听不出什么区别。你可以再试着用中文普通话说一遍 “我踢死你！”（<span class="pho">wǒ tī sǐ nǐ</span>）<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/us/我踢死你-zh-cn-male.mp3"></span>…… 不过，作为中国人你需要新练一个 <span class="pho">s</span>，否则，说英文时经常遇到更费力的情况，比如，在说 <span class="pho">st</span> 这个组合的时候 —— 这恰好也是英文中使用频率相当高的一个组合。
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Of course, the sound <span class="pho">s</span> exists in Chinese as well, but when you pronounce it, the tip of your tongue starts closer to the lower teeth—slightly lower than position ②, even though you can't really hear the difference. Again, you can try this out by saying "wǒ tī sǐ nǐ" (我踢死你！)<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/us/我踢死你-zh-cn-male.mp3"></span> in Mandarin.However, for Chinese speakers, it's necessary to practice a new <span class="pho">s</span> sound to make speaking English less strenuous, especially when saying combinations like <span class="pho">st</span> — which happens to be a very common combination in English.
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另外，需要注意的是，<span class="pho">s</span> 之后的 <span class="pho">p/t/tr/k</span> 作为音节开头时会被浊化（比如，音节末尾的 <span class="pho">st</span> 中的 <span class="pho">t</span> 不会被浊化），相应读成 <span class="pho">b/d/dr/g</span>（但是，音标标注却保持原样）：
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Also, it's important to note that, following an <span class="pho">s</span> that starts a syllable, <span class="pho">p/t/tr/k</span> are voiced, meaning they are pronounced like <span class="pho">b/d/dr/g</span> respectively, while the phonetic annotations remain unchanged. However, this rule doesn't apply when these consonants are at the end of a syllable, like the <span class="pho">t</span> in <span class="pho">st</span>:
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> * *speak* <span class="pho alt">spiːk</span> → <span class="pho alt">sbiːk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/speak-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/speak-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *student* <span class="pho alt">ˈstudənt</span> → <span class="pho alt">ˈsdudənt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/student-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/student-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *school* <span class="pho alt">skuːl</span> → <span class="pho alt">sguːl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/school-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/school-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *frustrate* <span class="pho alt">ˈfrʌˌstreɪt</span> → <span class="pho alt">ˈfrʌˌsdreɪt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/frustrate-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/frustrate-us-female.mp3"></span>
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另外，英文的辅音并没有长短区分 —— 有些语言的辅音是有长短区分的，虽然亚洲语言基本都没有这种差别。然而，英文的 <span class="pho">f/v</span>、<span class="pho">s/z</span>、<span class="pho">ʃ</span> 以及 <span class="pho">ts</span> 是可以拉长的，尤其是 <span class="pho">s</span> 和 <span class="pho">ts</span>。
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In addition, in English, there's no differentiation between long and short consonant sounds. This is a feature found in some languages but is generally not present in Asian languages. However, in English, the sounds of <span class="pho">f/v</span>, <span class="pho">s/z</span>, <span class="pho">ʃ</span>, and <span class="pho">ts</span> can be lengthened, especially <span class="pho">s</span> and <span class="pho">ts</span>.
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## 拼写（Spellings）
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### <span class="pho">s</span>
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* **c**
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* ceiling <span class="pho alt">ˈsiː.lɪŋ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/ceiling-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/ceiling-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* cedar <span class="pho alt">ˈsiː.dɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/cedar-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/cedar-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* concede <span class="pho alt">kənˈsiːd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/concede-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/concede-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **s**
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* see <span class="pho alt">siː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/see-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/see-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* sea <span class="pho alt">siː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/sea-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/sea-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* sick <span class="pho alt">sɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/sick-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/sick-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **ss**
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* boss <span class="pho alt">bɑːs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/boss-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/boss-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* class <span class="pho alt">klæs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/class-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/class-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* stress <span class="pho alt">stres</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/stress-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/stress-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **sc**
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* scene <span class="pho alt">siːn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/scene-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/scene-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* science <span class="pho alt">ˈsaɪ.əns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/science-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/science-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* sceptic <span class="pho alt">ˈskep.tɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/sceptic-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/sceptic-us-female.mp3"></span>
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### <span class="pho">z</span>
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* **z**
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* zone <span class="pho alt">zoʊn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/zone-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/zone-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* zebra <span class="pho alt">ˈziː.brə</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/zebra-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/zebra-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **zz**
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* buzz <span class="pho alt">bʌz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/buzz-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/buzz-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* jazz <span class="pho alt">dʒæz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/jazz-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/jazz-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* puzzle <span class="pho alt">ˈpʌz.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/puzzle-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/puzzle-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **s**
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* present <span class="pho alt">ˈprez.ənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/present-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/present-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* raise <span class="pho alt">reɪz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/raise-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/raise-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* rose <span class="pho alt">roʊz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/rose-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/rose-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **s** (forming plurals after vowels or voiced consonants)
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* cars <span class="pho alt">kɑːrz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/cars-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/cars-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* trees <span class="pho alt">ˈtriːz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/trees-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/trees-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* brains <span class="pho alt">breɪnz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/brains-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/brains-us-female.mp3"></span>
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