40 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
40 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
# 2.5.1 高低（Pitch）
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被清楚地读出的音节，有可能伴随着高低不同的音高（*Pitch*）变化。
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Clear syllables when pronounced, may vary in *pitch*.
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> **Yet**, | it is a fact of **life** | that an unlettered **pea**sant is considered **ig**norant.
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这句话里，*Yet* 和 *life* 这两个单音节词汇，以及 *peasant* 的第一个音节 <span class="pho alt">pe</span>，以及 *ignorant* 里的第一个音节 <span class="pho alt">ɪg</span>，都有明显的音高（*pitch*）拉升。语音分析工具可以帮我们清楚地 “看到”：
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In this sentence, the single syllable words *Yet* and *life*, the first syllable <span class="pho alt">pe</span> in *peasant*, and <span class="pho alt">ɪg</span> in *ignorant*, all experience a noticeable *pitch lift*. Voice analyzing software can help us *see* this clearly:
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<video controls width="720"> <source src="/videos/yet-it-is-a-fact-of-life.mp4" type="video/mp4"></source>Your browser does not support the video tag. </video>
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以上视频来自于 2023 年 9 月我自己写的第一个 Demo（[ToBI Player](https://github.com/xiaolai/tobiplayer)）—— 现在的 [Enjoy App](https://1000h.org/enjoy-app/) 就是从它开始后继组织人员开发的。在 Enjoy App 中，你同样可以看到每句话的音频波谱（waveform）以及高低（音高）起伏（声调，即[下一章](2.5.2-tone)的讲解）……
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The video above is from a demo I wrote myself in September 2023 ([ToBI Player](https://github.com/xiaolai/tobiplayer)). This demo eventually led to the development of the current [Enjoy App](https://1000h.org/enjoy-app/) with a team. In the Enjoy App, you can also see the waveform of each sentence and its pitch fluctuations (intonation, which will be explained in [the next chapter](2.5.2-tone))...
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如果你可以唱出 $\frac{4}{4}$ <span class="pho">| 3 2 1 - |</span> —— 当然，这三个音符其实任何人都可以唱出来……
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If you can sing $\frac{4}{4}$ | 3 2 1 - | - indeed, anyone could sing these three notes...
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<video controls width="720"> <source src="/videos/321.mp4" type="video/mp4"></source>Your browser does not support the video tag. </video>
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那你就可以把 *fact*, *fact*, *fact*... 用三个不同的音唱出来，<span class="pho">/fækt/(3) /fækt/(2) /fækt/(1-)</span>，你就能体会到自然语音中的**音高**变化了。
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Then you can voice *fact*, *fact*, *fact*... in three different pitches, <span class="pho">/fækt/(3) /fækt/(2) /fækt/(1-)</span>, and you will then feel the *pitch* changes in natural speech.
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**音高**（*pitch*）的控制，主要靠**喉部**（*larynx*）；而**声调**（*tone*, [2.5.2](2.5.2-tone)），由于涉及到音高的变化（**从高到低**或者**从低到高**），所以，也由喉部控制。如果有个人在我们面前讲话，在我们听到她声调明显变化的时候，就可以看得到她的喉咙部位的明显动作……[^1]
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Pitch control mainly relies on the *larynx*. *tone* ([2.5.2](2.5.2-tone)), which involves pitch variation (from high to low or from low to high), is also controlled by the *larynx*. If someone is speaking in front of us, we can see the clear movement in their throat when we hear a noticeable change in their pitch...[^1]
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<video controls width="720"> <source src="/videos/CatherineAnderson.mp4" type="video/mp4"></source>Your browser does not support the video tag. </video>
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之所以 “说话” 只不过是 “极其低配版的歌唱”，是因为它的曲调（*Melody*）只是在一个特别狭小音高区域（*Pitch range*）里变化。
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The reason why *speaking* can be considered as *extremely pared-down singing* is because its melody (prosody) only fluctuates within a very narrow pitch range.
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[^1]: The video clip came from *[Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd edition](https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/essentialsoflinguistics2/)*，and the narrator is one of the authors, Catherine Anderson。
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