29 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
29 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
# 3.5. 韵律（Prosody）
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学说话，其实就是低配版的学唱歌。这个类比的好处在于，它让我们把日常连贯的语音理解成一串音节，而不是一些放在一起的单词（一个单词可能有一个以上的音节）—— 因为自然语音，本质上都是以音节为基础单位，而不是以字词为单位的……
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Learning to speak is, in many ways, a simpler version of learning to sing. This comparison is useful because it allows us to perceive everyday, fluid speech as a string of syllables, not just a group of words (a single word can have more than one syllable). After all, natural speech is fundamentally based on syllables, not words.
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歌曲是有韵律的，自然语音其实也一模一样…… 好听的歌声和好听的语音，简单说，总计需要注意以下几个方面：
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The prosody of speech is like the rhythm of a song. To make our speech or singing appealing to the ear, there are a few key elements we need to pay attention to. These are:
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> **高低**、**起伏**、**轻重**、**缓急**…… 以及，很多人并不重视的**停顿**（[3.4.1](3.4.1-stop)）。
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> *pitch*, *tone*, *emphasis*, *rhythm*, and oft-neglected *pauses*.
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>
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> * **高低**指的是**音高**（*pitch*）的变化。
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> * *Pitch* refers to the high and low variations in voice.
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> * **起伏**指的是**声调**（*tone*），即，扬、平、降、轻。
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> * *tone* refers to the tone of voice, whether it's *rising*, *flat*, *falling*, or *light*.
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> * **轻重**（*stress*）落实到**音节**（就好像歌曲中的**音符**）上来看，就是轻重的安排，重音、次重音、非重音、弱音（[3.3.2](3.3.2-stress)）。
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> * *Stress* refers to the emphasis placed on a syllable, similar to the emphasis on a note in a song. There are various levels of stress such as *primary stress*, *secondary stress*, *unstressed*, and *weak schwa* ([3.3.2](3.3.2-stress)).
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> * **缓急**（*rhythm*）就是一组**音节**发声的速度 —— 在歌曲中，如果 4 个音符在同一个节拍里唱完，每个音符只占 $\frac{1}{4}$ 拍，那就每个音节都**很短**且**很快**；或者反过来，如果一个音符竟然持续了 2 个节拍，那就是这个音节**很长**，但**很慢**。
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> * *rhythm* is the speed at which a group of syllables is spoken. In a song, if four notes are sung in one beat, each note lasts a quarter of a beat, making each syllable short and fast. Conversely, if a single note spans two beats, the syllable is long and slow.
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所以，**好好说话**，**说得连贯**，甚至**说得好听**，更重要的是**学会如何安排好每一个音节**，而所谓的 “安排好”，就是处理**高低、起伏、轻重、缓急**以及**停顿**。
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Therefore, to speak well, to speak fluently, even to speak beautifully, we need to learn how to properly arrange each syllable, handling its *pitch*, *tone*, *stress*, *rhythm*, and *stop* or *pauses*.
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虽然**把每个音素读准读对**看起来更基础，但实际上更重要的是每个音节的**韵律**，即，该**音节**的**高低、起伏、轻重、缓急**，比这个还重要的，是很多人没想到的**音节间**可能的**停顿**。
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While it might seem more basic to pronounce each phoneme correctly, what's actually more crucial is the prosody of each syllable, including the *pitch*, *variation*, *stress*, and *rhythm* of the syllable, and what's even more important is the potential *stop* or *pause* between syllables, which is something many people overlook.
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