44 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
44 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
# 2.2.15. <span class="pho">j</span>, <span class="pho">w</span>
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<span class="pho">j</span> 和 <span class="pho">w</span> 是半元音。
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The sounds represented by <span class="pho">j</span> and <span class="pho">w</span> are semivowels in English.
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<span class="pho">j</span> 与后面的元音相连，相当于在那个元音前面加上了一个 <span class="pho">ɪ</span>，比如 *you* <span class="pho alt">juː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/you-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/you-us-female.mp3"></span>，读音上相当于是 <span class="pho alt">iuː</span>。
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When <span class="pho">j</span> is connected to the following vowel, it is as if an <span class="pho">ɪ</span> sound is added in front of that vowel. For instance, the word *you* <span class="pho alt">juː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/you-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/you-us-female.mp3"></span>, pronounced the same as <span class="pho alt">ɪuː</span>.
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<span class="pho">w</span> 与后面的元音相连，相当于在那个元音前面加上了一个 <span class="pho">ʊ</span>，比如 *way* <span class="pho">weɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/way-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/way-us-female.mp3"></span>，读音上相当于是 <span class="pho">ʊeɪ</span>。
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Similarly, when <span class="pho">w</span> is paired with a vowel, it's as if a <span class="pho">ʊ</span> sound precedes that vowel. Take the word *way* <span class="pho alt">weɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/way-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/way-us-female.mp3"></span>, pronounced the same as <span class="pho alt">ʊeɪ</span>.
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<span class="pho">w</span> 可以和另外的辅音结合作为音节开头：<span class="pho">sw</span>、<span class="pho">tw</span>、<span class="pho">dw</span>、<span class="pho">kw</span>、<span class="pho">skw</span>、<span class="pho">gw</span>…… 这其中最容易出错也最常的是 <span class="pho">kw</span>，尤其是 <span class="pho">kwɒ</span> 和 <span class="pho">kwɔː</span>，比如，*quart* <span class="pho alt">kwɔːrt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/quart-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/quart-us-female.mp3"></span>，常常会被误读为 <span class="pho alt">kɔːrt</span>（听起来和 *court* <span class="pho alt">kɔːrt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/court-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/court-us-female.mp3"></span> 同音）；再比如，*quality* <span class="pho alt">ˈkwɔːlɪti</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/quality-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/quality-us-female.mp3"></span> 常常会被误读为 <span class="pho alt">ˈkɔːlɪti</span> —— 关键在于，<span class="pho">k</span> 的音之后有一个发出 <span class="pho">ʊ</span> 的嘴唇动作，否则 <span class="pho">kw</span> 就变成了 <span class="pho">k</span> —— 这个差异在母语使用者听起来异常地明显。
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The letter <span class="pho">w</span> can combine with other consonants to form the beginning of a syllable, such as <span class="pho">sw</span>, <span class="pho">tw</span>, <span class="pho">dw</span>, <span class="pho">kw</span>, <span class="pho">skw</span>, <span class="pho">gw</span>… The most common and often mispronounced combination is <span class="pho">kw</span>, specifically <span class="pho">kwɒ</span> and <span class="pho">kwɔː</span>. For example, the word *quart* is pronounced <span class="pho alt">kwɔːrt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/quart-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/quart-us-female.mp3"></span>, but it is often misconstrued as <span class="pho alt">kɔːrt</span>, which sounds like *court* <span class="pho alt">kɔːrt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/court-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/court-us-female.mp3"></span>, or *quality* <span class="pho alt">ˈkwɔːlɪti</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/quality-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/quality-us-female.mp3"></span> as <span class="pho alt">ˈkɔːlɪti</span>. The key to getting this right is to make a lip movement for the <span class="pho">ʊ</span> sound after the <span class="pho">k</span> sound; otherwise, <span class="pho">kw</span> just becomes <span class="pho">k</span>. This distinction is incredibly noticeable to native speakers.
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## 拼写（Spellings）
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### <span class="pho">w</span>
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* **w**
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- week <span class="pho alt">wiːk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/week-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/week-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- weird <span class="pho alt">wɪrd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/weird-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/weird-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- wife <span class="pho alt">waɪf</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/wife-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/wife-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **wh**
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- white <span class="pho alt">waɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/white-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/white-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- what <span class="pho alt">wɑːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/what-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/what-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- why <span class="pho alt">waɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/why-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/why-us-female.mp3"></span>
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### <span class="pho">j</span>
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* **y**
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- yes <span class="pho alt">jes</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/yes-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/yes-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- yet <span class="pho alt">jet</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/yet-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/yet-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- yoke <span class="pho alt">joʊk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/yoke-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/yoke-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **i**
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- onion <span class="pho alt">ˈʌn.jən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/onion-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/onion-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- million <span class="pho alt">ˈmɪl.jən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/million-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/million-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **j**
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- jager <span class="pho alt">ˈjeɪ.ɡɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/jager-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/jager-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- hallelujah <span class="pho alt">ˌhæl.ɪˈluː.jə</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hallelujah-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hallelujah-us-female.mp3"></span>
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