66 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
66 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
# 8.1. 输入音标与特殊符号
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在电子文档中输入音标符号（及其其它特殊符号）从来都很麻烦。
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macOS 上有一个收费软件，[Alfred](https://www.alfredapp.com/)，可以用来定义很多快捷流程（workflow）去完成相对复杂的任务。比如，通过设定关键字启动一个 Python 脚本，查询某个单词（甚至整个句子）在《剑桥英语发声词典》（CEPD）中的音标。
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> Alfred 的使用方法，参见：
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> https://github.com/xiaolai/apple-computer-literacy/blob/main/alfred.md
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我用 Alfred 作为辅助在电脑上输入各种特殊符号。以下是 Alfred workflow 文件：
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> [IPA-Phonetic-Symbols.alfredworkflow](https://1000h.org/alfred-workflows/IPA-Phonetic-Symbols.alfredworkflow)
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以启动关键字 `ipae` 为例 —— 呼出 Alfred：
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这时，就可以用 `CMD + 数字` 的方式，将对应的符号插入当前文本。比如，`CMD + 4` 就是将 <span class="pho">ɝː</span> 插入当前文本编辑器。
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以下罗列的是各个符号对应的 Alfred 关键字（Keywords）：
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| 关键字（Keyword） | 符号（Symbol） |
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| ----- | ----- |
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| `ipaa` | <span class="pho">ʌ</span> |
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| `ipaaa` | <span class="pho">ɑ</span> |
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| `ipaae` | <span class="pho">æ</span> |
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| `ipae` | <span class="pho">ə</span> |
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| `ipaeeer` | <span class="pho">ɝː</span> |
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| `ipaer` | <span class="pho">ɚ</span> |
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| `ipaes` | <span class="pho">ᵊ</span> |
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| `ipai` | <span class="pho">ɪ</span> |
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| `ipau` | <span class="pho">ʊ</span> |
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| `ipao` | <span class="pho">ɒ</span> |
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| `ipaoo` | <span class="pho">ɔ</span> |
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| `ipal` | <span class="pho">ɤ</span> |
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| `ipatd` | <span class="pho">t̠</span> |
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| `ipatg` | <span class="pho">ʔ</span> |
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| `ipats` | <span class="pho">ᵗ</span> |
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| `ipan` | <span class="pho">ŋ</span> |
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| `ipath` | <span class="pho">θ</span> |
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| `ipad` | <span class="pho">ð</span> |
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| `ipas` | <span class="pho">ʃ</span> |
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| `ipaz` | <span class="pho">ʒ</span> |
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| `ipaj` | <span class="pho">ʲ</span> |
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| `ipaw` | <span class="pho">ʷ</span> |
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| `ipa1` | <span class="pho">◌̅</span> flat |
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| `ipa2` | <span class="pho">◌́</span> rise |
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| `ipa3` | <span class="pho">◌̌</span> fall-rise |
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| `ipa4` | <span class="pho">◌̀</span> fall |
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| `ipa5` | <span class="pho">◌̂</span> pitch raise |
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| `ipa6` | <span class="pho">◌̲</span> long vowel |
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| `ipa7` | <span class="pho">◌̩</span> syllabic consonant |
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| `ipa8` | <span class="pho">◌̥</span> voiceless |
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| `ipa9` | <span class="pho">◌̚</span> stop |
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| `ipa0` | <span class="pho">◌</span> |
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| `ipa:` | <span class="pho">ː</span> long vowel symbol |
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| `ipa"` | <span class="pho">ˈ</span> prime stress |
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| `ipa'` | <span class="pho">ˌ</span> secondary stress |
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| `ipa-` | <span class="pho">◌‿◌</span> linking |
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| `ipa\|` | <span class="pho">‖</span> grouping boundary |
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| `-->` | <span class="pho">⭢</span> |
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| `<--` | <span class="pho">⭠</span> |
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| `<->` | <span class="pho">⭤</span> |
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| `irise` | <span class="pho">⤴</span> senetence intonation rise |
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| `idown` | <span class="pho">⤵</span> senetence intonation fall |
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