59 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
59 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
# 2.2.13. <span class="pho">m</span>, <span class="pho">n</span>, <span class="pho">ŋ</span>
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<span class="pho">m</span> 和 <span class="pho">n</span> 处于音节开头时，没有人会觉得困难。尤其是 <span class="pho">m</span>…… 因为它也许是人类学会说的第一个辅音；于此同时，<span class="pho">ɑ</span> 永远是人类学会的第一个元音，所以大家都用 <span class="pho">mɑ</span> 称呼自己的母亲。
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When <span class="pho">m</span> and <span class="pho">n</span> are at the beginning of a syllable, no one finds it challenging. Especially <span class="pho">m</span>, since it might be the first consonant humans learn to utter. At the same time, <span class="pho">ɑ</span> is always the first vowel humans learn, which is why <span class="pho">mɑ</span> is a universal sound for *mother*.
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<span class="pho">ŋ</span> 处于其它元音之后对所有人来说也同样不构成困难，因为英文中最常用的不过是 <span class="pho">ɪŋ</span> 而已……
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Similarly, everyone finds it easy to pronounce <span class="pho">ŋ</span> after other vowels. This isn't surprising, given that <span class="pho">ɪŋ</span> is the most commonly used sounds in English.
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麻烦在于 <span class="pho">m</span> 处于音节末尾的时候。很多人会不由自主地额外加上一个 <span class="pho">ʊ</span> 的音，这是一个嘴唇的多余动作产生的结果。比如，把 *room* <span class="pho alt">ruːm</span> 读成 <span class="pho alt">ruːmʊ</span>。
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The tricky part comes when <span class="pho">m</span> is at the end of a syllable. A lot of people have an involuntary habit of adding an extra <span class="pho">ʊ</span> sound, which results from an unnecessary lips' movement. For instance, they might pronounce *room* as <span class="pho alt">ruːmʊ</span>, instead of <span class="pho alt">ruːm</span>.
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当 <span class="pho">m/n</span> 处于 <span class="pho">f/v</span> 之前的时候，发音都会发生变化 —— 这是因为 <span class="pho">f/v</span> 的发声动作，需要上牙与下唇接触。
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When <span class="pho">m/n</span> precedes <span class="pho">f/v</span>, their pronunciation changes - this is because the vocalization of <span class="pho">f/v</span> requires the upper teeth to touch the lower lip.
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> * <span class="pho">m + f/v</span> = <span class="pho">n + f/v</span>, *comfort* <span class="pho alt">ˈkəmfərt</span> → <span class="pho alt">ˈkənfərt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/comfort-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/comfort-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * <span class="pho">n + f/v</span> = <span class="pho">ŋ + f/v</span>, *conversation* <span class="pho alt">ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən</span> → <span class="pho alt">ˌkɑŋvərˈseɪʃən</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/conversation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/conversation-us-female.mp3"></span>
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另外，当 <span class="pho">æ</span> 在 <span class="pho">m</span> 之前的时候，部分母语使用者会添一个 <span class="pho">ə</span> 进去，比如，Sam <span class="pho alt">sæm</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/sam-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/sam-us-female.mp3"></span>，会被他们读成 <span class="pho alt">sæəm</span>。
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Additionally, when the vowel sound <span class="pho">æ</span> comes before <span class="pho">m</span>, some native speakers add an extra <span class="pho">ə</span> sound. For example, *Sam* <span class="pho alt">sæm</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/sam-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/sam-us-female.mp3"></span> can sometimes be pronounced as <span class="pho alt">sæəm</span>.
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## 拼写（Spellings）
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### <span class="pho">m</span>
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* **m**
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- army <span class="pho alt">ˈɑːr.mi</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/army-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/army-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- mob <span class="pho alt">mɑːb</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/mob-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/mob-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- mom <span class="pho alt">mɑːm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/mom-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/mom-us-female.mp3"></span>
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### <span class="pho">n</span>
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* **n**
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- mind <span class="pho alt">maɪnd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/mind-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/mind-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- night <span class="pho alt">naɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/night-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/night-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- nine <span class="pho alt">naɪn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/nine-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/nine-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **kn**
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- know <span class="pho alt">noʊ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/know-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/know-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- knight <span class="pho alt">naɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/knight-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/knight-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **gn**
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- gnaw <span class="pho alt">nɑː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/gnaw-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/gnaw-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- gnome <span class="pho alt">noʊm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/gnome-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/gnome-us-female.mp3"></span>
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### <span class="pho">ŋ</span>
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* **n** (before <span class=**pho**>k</span>)
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- anchor <span class="pho alt">ˈæŋ.kɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/anchor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/anchor-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- bank <span class="pho alt">bæŋk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/bank-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/bank-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- thank <span class="pho alt">θæŋk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/thank-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/thank-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **ng**
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- bang <span class="pho alt">bæŋ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/bang-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/bang-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- long <span class="pho alt">lɑːŋ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/long-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/long-us-female.mp3"></span>
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- sing <span class="pho alt">sɪŋ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/sing-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/sing-us-female.mp3"></span>
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