66 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
66 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
# 3.2.9. <span class="pho">tr</span>/<span class="pho">dr</span>
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不知道为什么《剑桥英语发声词典》的 Pronunciation symbols 中并没有收录 <span class="pho">tr</span> 和 <span class="pho">dr</span>。
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## 3.2.9.1. 示例
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2"><strong>British</strong></td>
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<td colspan="2"><strong>American</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>D.J.</td>
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<td>例词（Example）</td>
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<td>IPA</td>
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<td>例词（Example）</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="pho">tr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_tra_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>tr</b>ee <span class="pho alt">triː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/tree-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/tree-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><span class="pho">tr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_tra_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>tr</b>ee <span class="pho alt">triː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/tree-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/tree-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="pho">dr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_dra_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>dr</b>y <span class="pho alt">draɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/dry-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/dry-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><span class="pho">dr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_dra_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>dr</b>y <span class="pho alt">draɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/dry-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/dry-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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## 3.2.9.2. 舌尖起始位置
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><img src="/images/articulator-tongue-tip-positions.svg"></img></td>
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<td><img src="/images/articulator-tongue-tip-trdr.svg"></img></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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虽然发声时舌尖起始位置相同，但，<span class="pho">tr</span>/<span class="pho">dr</span> 与 <span class="pho">tʃ</span>/<span class="pho">dʒ</span> 不一样的地方在于，<span class="pho">tr</span>/<span class="pho">dr</span> 在发声之前嘴唇要有个缩小成圆形的动作，所以它们开头的音节，总是听起来夹带着一个 <span class="pho">ʷ</span>，*tree* <span class="pho alt">triː</span> 听起来是 <span class="pho alt">tʃʷiː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/tree-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/tree-us-female.mp3"></span>，*dry* <span class="pho alt">draɪ</span> 听起来是 <span class="pho alt">dʒʷaɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/dry-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/dry-us-female.mp3"></span>。
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很多地区的人基于自身母语的习惯，会把 <span class="pho">tr</span> 和 <span class="pho">dr</span> 分开着连续读出的。比如，*tree*，印度人可能会把它读成 <span class="pho alt">tɤ.riː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/tree-ru-ru.mp3"></span>，其中的 <span class="pho">t</span> 干脆读成 <span class="pho">d</span>，并且 <span class="pho">r</span> 还会用齿龈颤音；再比如，*driver*，可能会被俄罗斯人读成 <span class="pho alt">dɤ.raɪvə</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/driver-ru-ru.mp3"></span>，其中的 <span class="pho">r</span> 同样会用齿龈颤音。
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其实，他们只要把 <span class="pho">tr</span> 理解为 <span class="pho">tʃ</span> + <span class="pho">r</span>，把 <span class="pho">dr</span> 理解为 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> + <span class="pho">r</span>，就好办了，挺简单的。
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## 3.2.9.3. 常见拼写
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### <span class="pho">tr</span>
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* **tr**
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* track <span class="pho alt">træk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/track-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/track-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* tree <span class="pho alt">triː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/tree-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/tree-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* trick <span class="pho alt">trɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/trick-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/trick-us-female.mp3"></span>
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### <span class="pho">dr</span>
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* **dr**
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* drive <span class="pho alt">draɪv</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/drive-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/drive-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* dream <span class="pho alt">driːm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/dream-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/dream-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* drink <span class="pho alt">drɪŋk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/drink-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/drink-us-female.mp3"></span>
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