48 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
48 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# 1.1 字母（Alphabet）
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英语总计使用 26 个**字母**（*letters*），各有大小写之分。在欧洲语言之中，英语是罕见的不使用**修饰符**（*diacritics*）的文字 —— 所谓修饰符，指的是字母上附加的标记，用以区分发音或者意义，比如，*â*、*é*、*ç*，等等。
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Modern English is composed of *26* letters, each with both *uppercase* and *lowercase* forms. English stands out among European languages for not using [diacritics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacritic), which are special marks added to letters to alter their pronunciation or meaning, such as *â*, *é* or *ç*, etc.
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北约（NATO）有一套指称英文字母的系统，用以在仅有语音交流的情况下避免歧义 —— 在军事、航空、紧急救助、无线电或者电话沟通等诸多场合中具备不可或缺作用。
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[NATO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO) has a system that uses common words to identify each letter, which is particularly helpful for military and civil aviation, emergency serivces, radio or phone communication, and many others to avoid confusion when spelling out words.
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| Letter | Pronunciation | NATO Phonetic Alphabet |
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| --------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **A** *a* | `/eɪ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/a-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/a-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Alpha* `/ˈælfə/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Alpha-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Alpha-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **B** *b* | `/biː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/b-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/b-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Bravo* `/ˈbrɑːvoʊ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Bravo-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Bravo-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **C** *c* | `/siː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/c-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/c-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Charlie* `/ˈtʃɑːrliː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Charlie-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Charlie-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **D** *d* | `/diː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/d-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/d-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Delta* `/ˈdeltə/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Delta-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Delta-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **E** *e* | `/iː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/e-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/e-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Echo* `/ˈekoʊ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Echo-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Echo-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **F** *f* | `/ef/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/f-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/f-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Foxtrot* `/ˈfɔːkstrɒt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Foxtrot-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Foxtrot-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **G** *g* | `/dʒiː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/g-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/g-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Golf* `/ɡɑːf/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Golf-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Golf-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **H** *h* | `/eɪtʃ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/h-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/h-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Hotel* `/hoʊˈtel/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Hotel-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Hotel-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **I** *i* | `/aɪ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/i-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/i-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *India* `/ˈɪndiə/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/India-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/India-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **J** *j* | `/dʒeɪ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/j-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/j-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Juliet* `/ˈdʒuːliːˌet/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Juliet-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Juliet-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **K** *k* | `/keɪ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/k-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/k-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Kilo* `/ˈkiːloʊ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Kilo-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Kilo-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **L** *l* | `/el/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/l-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/l-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Lima* `/ˈliːmə/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Lima-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Lima-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **M** *m* | `/em/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/m-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/m-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Mike* `/maɪk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Mike-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Mike-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **N** *n* | `/en/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/n-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/n-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *November* `/noʊˈvembər/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/November-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/November-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **O** *o* | `/oʊ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/o-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/o-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Oscar* `/ˈɑːskɑːr/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Oscar-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Oscar-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **P** *p* | `/piː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/p-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/p-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Papa* `/pəˈpɑː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Papa-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Papa-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **Q** *q* | `/kjuː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/q-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/q-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Quebec* `/kəˈbek/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Quebec-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Quebec-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **R** *r* | `/ɑːr/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/r-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/r-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Romeo* `/ˈroʊmiːˌoʊ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Romeo-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Romeo-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **S** *s* | `/es/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/s-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/s-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Sierra* `/siˈerə/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Sierra-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Sierra-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **T** *t* | `/tiː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/t-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/t-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Tango* `/ˈtæŋɡoʊ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Tango-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Tango-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **U** *u* | `/juː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/u-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/u-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Uniform* `/ˈjuːnɪfɔːrm/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Uniform-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Uniform-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **V** *v* | `/viː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/v-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/v-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Victor* `/ˈvɪktər/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Victor-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Victor-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **W** *w* | `/ˈdʌbᵊljuː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/w-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/w-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Whiskey* `/ˈwɪskiː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Whiskey-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Whiskey-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **X** *x* | `/eks/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/x-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/x-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *X-ray* `/ˈeksreɪ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/X-ray-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/X-ray-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **Y** *y* | `/waɪ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/y-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/y-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Yankee* `/ˈjæŋkiː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Yankee-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Yankee-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **Z** *z* | `/ziː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/z-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/z-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Zulu* `/ˈzuːluː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Zulu-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Zulu-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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在英式英语中，*z* 被读作 `/zed/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/zed-uk.mp3"></span>。
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In British, letter *z* is pronounced as `/zed/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/zed-uk.mp3"></span>.
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> [!Note]
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>
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> * 合成语音文件使用的是 OpenAI 的 TTS (Text-to-Speech) 和微软的 Edge's TTS。蓝色喇叭背景图标<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Alpha-us-guy.mp3"></span>是男性语音，红色背景喇叭图标<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Alpha-us-jen.mp3"></span>是女性语音。
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> * The synthesized audio files primarily utilizes OpenAI's TTS (Text-to-Speech) and Microsoft Edge's TTS. The blue background speaker icon<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Alpha-us-guy.mp3"></span>represents a male voice, whereas the red background speaker icon<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Alpha-us-jen.mp3"></span>signifies a female voice.
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