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2.2.6. s/z
s/z 对所有人来说都没有什么具体的难度。s/z 发声时起始的舌尖位置贴近但没有接触到牙齿和牙龈的接缝处 —— 即，位置 ②（参见 1.4）。
The s/z sounds don't really pose a challenge for most people. When producing these sounds, the tip of the tongue is close to, but not touching, the seam between teeth and gums, i.e. position ② (as described in 1.4).
需要注意的是，s 之后的 p/t/tr/k 会被浊化，相应读成 b/d/dr/g（但是，音标标注却保持原样）：
It's important to note that following an s, p/t/tr/k are voiced, meaning they are pronounced like b/d/dr/g respectively, while the phonetic annotations remain unchanged.
- speak spiːk → sbiːk
- student ˈstudənt → ˈsdudənt
- school skuːl → sguːl
- frustrate ˈfrʌˌstreɪt → ˈfrʌˌsdreɪt
另外，英文的辅音并没有长短区分 —— 有些语言的辅音是有长短区分的，虽然亚洲语言基本都没有这种差别。然而，英文的 f/v、s/z、ʃ 是可以拉长的，尤其是 s/z。
In addition, in English, there's no differentiation between long and short consonant sounds. This is a feature found in some languages but is generally not present in Asian languages. However, in English, the sounds of f/v, s/z, and ʃ can be lengthened, especially s/z.