938 lines
53 KiB
HTML
938 lines
53 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 -->
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<!-- Copyright (c) 2001 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved -->
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<basefont size="3"> <!--header start-->
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<center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
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Copyright © 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center>
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<!--header end-->
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<hr size="2" noshade>
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<h2><a name="tag_01"></a>Introduction</h2>
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<h3><a name="tag_01_01"></a>Scope</h3>
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<p>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 defines a standard operating system interface and environment, including a command interpreter
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(or "shell"), and common utility programs to support applications portability at the source code level. It is intended to be used
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by both applications developers and system implementors.</p>
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<p>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 comprises four major components (each in an associated volume):</p>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>General terms, concepts, and interfaces common to all volumes of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, including utility conventions
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and C-language header definitions, are included in the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Definitions for system service functions and subroutines, language-specific system services for the C programming language,
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function issues, including portability, error handling, and error recovery, are included in the System Interfaces volume of
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Definitions for a standard source code-level interface to command interpretation services (a "shell") and common utility
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programs for application programs are included in the Shell and Utilities volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Extended rationale that did not fit well into the rest of the document structure, containing historical information concerning
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the contents of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 and why features were included or discarded by the standard developers, is included
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in the Rationale (Informative) volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.</p>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The following areas are outside of the scope of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>Graphics interfaces</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Database management system interfaces</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Record I/O considerations</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Object or binary code portability</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>System configuration and resource availability</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 describes the external characteristics and facilities that are of importance to applications
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developers, rather than the internal construction techniques employed to achieve these capabilities. Special emphasis is placed on
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those functions and facilities that are needed in a wide variety of commercial applications.</p>
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<p>The facilities provided in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 are drawn from the following base documents:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>IEEE Std 1003.1-1996 (POSIX-1) (incorporating IEEE Stds 1003.1-1990, 1003.1b-1993, 1003.1c-1995, and 1003.1i-1995)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The following amendments to the POSIX.1-1990 standard:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>IEEE P1003.1a draft standard (Additional System Services)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>IEEE Std 1003.1d-1999 (Additional Realtime Extensions)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>IEEE Std 1003.1g-2000 (Protocol-Independent Interfaces (PII))</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>IEEE Std 1003.1j-2000 (Advanced Realtime Extensions)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>IEEE Std 1003.1q-2000 (Tracing)</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>IEEE Std 1003.2-1992 (POSIX-2) (includes IEEE Std 1003.2a-1992)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The following amendments to the ISO POSIX-2:1993 standard:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>IEEE P1003.2b draft standard (Additional Utilities)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>IEEE Std 1003.2d-1994 (Batch Environment)</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Open Group Technical Standard, February 1997, System Interface Definitions, Issue 5 (XBD5) (ISBN: 1-85912-186-1, C605)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Open Group Technical Standard, February 1997, Commands and Utilities, Issue 5 (XCU5) (ISBN: 1-85912-191-8, C604)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Open Group Technical Standard, February 1997, System Interfaces and Headers, Issue 5 (XSH5) (in 2 Volumes)
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(ISBN: 1-85912-181-0, C606) <basefont size="2"></p>
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<dl>
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<dt><b>Note:</b></dt>
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<dd>XBD5, XCU5, and XSH5 are collectively referred to as the <i>Base Specifications</i>.</dd>
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</dl>
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<basefont size="3"></li>
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<li>
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<p>Open Group Technical Standard, January 2000, Networking Services, Issue 5.2 (XNS5.2) (ISBN: 1-85912-241-8, C808)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>ISO/IEC 9899:1999, Programming Languages - C.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 uses the Base Specifications as its organizational basis and adds the following additional
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functionality to them, drawn from the base documents above:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>Normative text from the ISO POSIX-1:1996 standard and the ISO POSIX-2:1993 standard not included in the Base
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Specifications</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The amendments to the POSIX.1-1990 standard and the ISO POSIX-2:1993 standard listed above, except for parts of
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IEEE Std 1003.1g-2000</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Portability Considerations</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Additional rationale and notes</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The following features, marked legacy or obsolescent in the base documents, are not carried forward into
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. Other features from the base documents marked legacy or obsolescent are carried forward unless
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otherwise noted.</p>
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<p>From XSH5, the following legacy interfaces, headers, and external variables are not carried forward:</p>
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<blockquote><i>advance</i>(), <i>brk</i>(), <i>chroot</i>(), <i>compile</i>(), <i>cuserid</i>(), <i>gamma</i>(),
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<i>getdtablesize</i>(), <i>getpagesize</i>(), <i>getpass</i>(), <i>getw</i>(), <i>putw</i>(), <i>re_comp</i>(), <i>re_exec</i>(),
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<i>regcmp</i>(), <i>sbrk</i>(), <i>sigstack</i>(), <i>step</i>(), <i>wait3</i>(), <i><re_comp.h></i>,
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<i><regexp.h></i>, <i><varargs.h></i>, <i>loc1</i>, <i>__loc1</i>, <i>loc2</i>, <i>locs</i></blockquote>
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<p>From XCU5, the following legacy utilities are not carried forward:</p>
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<blockquote><i>calendar</i>, <i>cancel</i>, <i>cc</i>, <i>col</i>, <i>cpio</i>, <i>cu</i>, <i>dircmp</i>, <i>dis</i>, <i>egrep</i>,
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<i>fgrep</i>, <i>line</i>, <i>lint</i>, <i>lpstat</i>, <i>mail</i>, <i>pack</i>, <i>pcat</i>, <i>pg</i>, <i>spell</i>, <i>sum</i>,
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<i>tar</i>, <i>unpack</i>, <i>uulog</i>, <i>uuname</i>, <i>uupick</i>, <i>uuto</i></blockquote>
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<p>In addition, legacy features within non-legacy reference pages (for example, headers) are not carried forward.</p>
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<p>From the ISO POSIX-1:1996 standard, the following obsolescent features are not carried forward:</p>
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<blockquote>Page 112, CLK_TCK<br>
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Page 197 <a href="../functions/tcgetattr.html"><i>tcgetattr</i>()</a> rate returned option</blockquote>
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<p>From the ISO POSIX-2:1993 standard, obsolescent features within the following pages are not carried forward:</p>
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<blockquote>Page 75, zero-length prefix within <i>PATH</i><br>
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Page 156, 159 <a href="../utilities/set.html"><i>set</i></a><br>
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Page 178, <a href="../utilities/awk.html"><i>awk</i></a>, use of no argument and no parentheses with length<br>
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Page 259, <a href="../utilities/ed.html"><i>ed</i></a><br>
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Page 272, <a href="../utilities/env.html"><i>env</i></a><br>
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Page 282, <a href="../utilities/find.html"><i>find</i></a> <b>-perm</b>[ <b>-</b>] <i>onum</i><br>
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Page 295-296, <i>egrep</i><br>
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Page 299-300, <a href="../utilities/head.html"><i>head</i></a><br>
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Page 305-306, <a href="../utilities/join.html"><i>join</i></a><br>
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Page 309-310, <a href="../utilities/kill.html"><i>kill</i></a><br>
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Page 431-433, 435-436, <a href="../utilities/sort.html"><i>sort</i></a><br>
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Page 444-445, <a href="../utilities/tail.html"><i>tail</i></a><br>
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Page 453, 455-456, <a href="../utilities/touch.html"><i>touch</i></a><br>
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Page 464-465, <a href="../utilities/tty.html"><i>tty</i></a><br>
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Page 472, <a href="../utilities/uniq.html"><i>uniq</i></a><br>
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Page 515-516, <a href="../utilities/ex.html"><i>ex</i></a><br>
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Page 542-543, <a href="../utilities/expand.html"><i>expand</i></a><br>
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Page 563-565, <a href="../utilities/more.html"><i>more</i></a><br>
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Page 574-576, <a href="../utilities/newgrp.html"><i>newgrp</i></a><br>
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Page 578, <a href="../utilities/nice.html"><i>nice</i></a><br>
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Page 594-596, <a href="../utilities/renice.html"><i>renice</i></a><br>
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Page 597-598, <a href="../utilities/split.html"><i>split</i></a><br>
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Page 600-601, <a href="../utilities/strings.html"><i>strings</i></a><br>
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Page 624-625, <a href="../utilities/vi.html"><i>vi</i></a><br>
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Page 693, <a href="../utilities/lex.html"><i>lex</i></a></blockquote>
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<p>The <i>c89</i> utility (which specified a compiler for the C Language specified by the ISO/IEC 9899:1990 standard) has been
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replaced by a <a href="../utilities/c99.html"><i>c99</i></a> utility (which specifies a compiler for the C Language specified by
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the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard).</p>
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<p>From XSH5, text marked OH (Optional Header) has been reviewed on a case-by-case basis and removed where appropriate. The XCU5
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text marked OF (Output Format Incompletely Specified) and UN (Possibly Unsupportable Feature) has been reviewed on a case-by-case
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basis and removed where appropriate.</p>
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<p>For the networking interfaces, the base document is the XNS, Issue 5.2 specification. The following parts of the XNS, Issue 5.2
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specification are out of scope and not included in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>Part 3 (XTI)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Part 4 (Appendixes)</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Since there is much duplication between the XNS, Issue 5.2 specification and IEEE Std 1003.1g-2000, material only from
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the following sections of IEEE Std 1003.1g-2000 has been included:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>General terms related to sockets (Section 2.2.2)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Socket concepts (Sections 5.1 through 5.3, inclusive)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The <a href="../functions/pselect.html"><i>pselect</i>()</a> function (Sections 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.3)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The <a href="../functions/sockatmark.html"><i>sockatmark</i>()</a> function (Section 5.4.13)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>The <a href="../basedefs/sys/select.h.html"><i><sys/select.h></i></a> header (Section 6.2)</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Emphasis is placed on standardizing existing practice for existing users, with changes and additions limited to correcting
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deficiencies in the following areas:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>Issues raised by IEEE or ISO/IEC Interpretations against IEEE Std 1003.1 and IEEE Std 1003.2</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Issues raised in corrigenda for the Base Specifications and working group resolutions from The Open Group</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Corrigenda and resolutions passed by The Open Group for the XNS, Issue 5.2 specification</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Changes to make the text self-consistent with the additional material merged</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>A reorganization of the options in order to facilitate profiling, both for smaller profiles such as IEEE Std 1003.13, and larger
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profiles such as the Single UNIX Specification</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Alignment with the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><a name="tag_01_02"></a>Conformance</h3>
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<p>Conformance requirements for IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 are defined in <a href=
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"xbd_chap02.html#tag_02"><i>Conformance</i></a> .</p>
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<h3><a name="tag_01_03"></a>Normative References</h3>
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<p>The following standards contain provisions which, through references in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, constitute provisions of
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
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revision, and parties to agreements based on IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
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applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid
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International Standards.</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt>ANS X3.9-1978</dt>
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<dd>
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(Reaffirmed 1989) American National Standard for Information Systems: Standard X3.9-1978, Programming Language FORTRAN.<a href=
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"#tag_foot_1"><sup><small>1</small></sup></a></dd>
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<dt>ISO/IEC 646:1991</dt>
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<dd>
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ISO/IEC 646:1991, Information Processing - ISO 7-Bit Coded Character Set for Information Interchange.<a href=
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"#tag_foot_2"><sup><small>2</small></sup></a></dd>
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<dt>ISO 4217:1995</dt>
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<dd>
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ISO 4217:1995, Codes for the Representation of Currencies and Funds.</dd>
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<dt>ISO 8601:2000</dt>
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<dd>
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ISO 8601:2000, Data Elements and Interchange Formats - Information Interchange - Representation of Dates and Times.</dd>
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<dt>ISO C (1999)</dt>
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<dd>
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ISO/IEC 9899:1999, Programming Languages - C, including Technical Corrigendum No. 1.</dd>
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<dt>ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000</dt>
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<dd>
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ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000, Information Technology - Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) - Part 1: Architecture and Basic
|
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Multilingual Plane.</dd>
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</dl>
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<h3><a name="tag_01_04"></a>Terminology</h3>
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<p>For the purposes of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, the following terminology definitions apply:</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_04_01"></a>can</h4>
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<p>Describes a permissible optional feature or behavior available to the user or application. The feature or behavior is mandatory
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for an implementation that conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. An application can rely on the existence of the feature or
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behavior.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_04_02"></a>implementation-defined</h4>
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<p>Describes a value or behavior that is not defined by IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 but is selected by an implementor. The value
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or behavior may vary among implementations that conform to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. An application should not rely on the
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existence of the value or behavior. An application that relies on such a value or behavior cannot be assured to be portable across
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conforming implementations.</p>
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<p>The implementor shall document such a value or behavior so that it can be used correctly by an application.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_04_03"></a>legacy</h4>
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<p>Describes a feature or behavior that is being retained for compatibility with older applications, but which has limitations
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which make it inappropriate for developing portable applications. New applications should use alternative means of obtaining
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equivalent functionality.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_04_04"></a>may</h4>
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<p>Describes a feature or behavior that is optional for an implementation that conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. An
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application should not rely on the existence of the feature or behavior. An application that relies on such a feature or behavior
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cannot be assured to be portable across conforming implementations.</p>
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<p>To avoid ambiguity, the opposite of <i>may</i> is expressed as <i>need not</i>, instead of <i>may not</i>.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_04_05"></a>shall</h4>
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<p>For an implementation that conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, describes a feature or behavior that is mandatory. An
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application can rely on the existence of the feature or behavior.</p>
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<p>For an application or user, describes a behavior that is mandatory.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_04_06"></a>should</h4>
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<p>For an implementation that conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, describes a feature or behavior that is recommended but
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not mandatory. An application should not rely on the existence of the feature or behavior. An application that relies on such a
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feature or behavior cannot be assured to be portable across conforming implementations.</p>
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<p>For an application, describes a feature or behavior that is recommended programming practice for optimum portability.</p>
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<h4><a name="tag_01_04_07"></a>undefined</h4>
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<p>Describes the nature of a value or behavior not defined by IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 which results from use of an invalid
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program construct or invalid data input.</p>
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<p>The value or behavior may vary among implementations that conform to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. An application should not
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rely on the existence or validity of the value or behavior. An application that relies on any particular value or behavior cannot
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be assured to be portable across conforming implementations.</p>
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|
|
<h4><a name="tag_01_04_08"></a>unspecified</h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>Describes the nature of a value or behavior not specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 which results from use of a valid
|
|
program construct or valid data input.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The value or behavior may vary among implementations that conform to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. An application should not
|
|
rely on the existence or validity of the value or behavior. An application that relies on any particular value or behavior cannot
|
|
be assured to be portable across conforming implementations.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="tag_01_05"></a>Portability</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Some of the utilities in the Shell and Utilities volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 and functions in the System Interfaces
|
|
volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 describe functionality that might not be fully portable to systems meeting the
|
|
requirements for POSIX conformance (see the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href=
|
|
"../basedefs/xbd_chap02.html#tag_02">Chapter 2, Conformance</a>).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where optional, enhanced, or reduced functionality is specified, the text is shaded and a code in the margin identifies the
|
|
nature of the option, extension, or warning (see <a href="#tag_01_05_01">Codes</a> ). For maximum portability, an application
|
|
should avoid such functionality.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Unless the primary task of a utility is to produce textual material on its standard output, application developers should not
|
|
rely on the format or content of any such material that may be produced. Where the primary task <i>is</i> to provide such material,
|
|
but the output format is incompletely specified, the description is marked with the OF margin code and shading. Application
|
|
developers are warned not to expect that the output of such an interface on one system is any guide to its behavior on another
|
|
system.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_01_05_01"></a>Codes</h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>The codes and their meanings are as follows. See also <a href="#tag_01_05_02">Margin Code Notation</a> .</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('ADV')">ADV</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Advisory Information <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the ADV margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the ADV margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('AIO')">AIO</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Asynchronous Input and Output <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the AIO margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the AIO margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('BAR')">BAR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Barriers <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the BAR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the BAR margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('BE')">BE</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Batch Environment Services and Utilities <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, utilities are marked with the BE margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
utility, the material is identified by use of the BE margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('CD')">CD</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
C-Language Development Utilities <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, utilities are marked with the CD margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
utility, the material is identified by use of the CD margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('CPT')">CPT</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Process CPU-Time Clocks <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the CPT margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the CPT margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('CS')">CS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Clock Selection <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the CS margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the CS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('CX')">CX</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Extension to the ISO C standard <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is an extension to the ISO C standard. Application writers may make use of an extension as it is
|
|
supported on all IEEE Std 1003.1-2001-conforming systems.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>With each function or header from the ISO C standard, a statement to the effect that "any conflict is unintentional" is
|
|
included. That is intended to refer to a direct conflict. IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 acts in part as a profile of the
|
|
ISO C standard, and it may choose to further constrain behaviors allowed to vary by the ISO C standard. Such limitations
|
|
are not considered conflicts.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where additional semantics apply to a function or header, the material is identified by use of the CX margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('FD')">FD</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
FORTRAN Development Utilities <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, utilities are marked with the FD margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
utility, the material is identified by use of the FD margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('FR')">FR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
FORTRAN Runtime Utilities <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, utilities are marked with the FR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
utility, the material is identified by use of the FR margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('FSC')">FSC</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
File Synchronization <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the FSC margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the FSC margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('IP6')">IP6</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
IPV6 <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the IP6 margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the IP6 margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MC1')">MC1</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Advisory Information and either Memory Mapped Files or Shared Memory Objects <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]"
|
|
border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is a shorthand notation for combinations of multiple option codes.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MC1 margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the MC1 margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Refer to <a href="#tag_01_05_02">Margin Code Notation</a> .</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MC2')">MC2</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Memory Mapped Files, Shared Memory Objects, or Memory Protection <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border=
|
|
"0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is a shorthand notation for combinations of multiple option codes.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MC2 margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the MC2 margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Refer to <a href="#tag_01_05_02">Margin Code Notation</a> .</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MF')">MF</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Memory Mapped Files <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MF margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the MF margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('ML')">ML</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Process Memory Locking <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the ML margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the ML margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MR')">MR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Range Memory Locking <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MLR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the MLR margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MON')">MON</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Monotonic Clock <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MON margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the MON margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MPR')">MPR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Memory Protection <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MPR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the MPR margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MSG')">MSG</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Message Passing <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MSG margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the MSG margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MX')">MX</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0"> IEC
|
|
60559 Floating-Point Option <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the MX margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the MX margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('OB')">OB</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Obsolescent <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described may be withdrawn in a future version of this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. Strictly
|
|
Conforming POSIX Applications and Strictly Conforming XSI Applications shall not use obsolescent features.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, the material is identified by use of the OB margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('OF')">OF</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Output Format Incompletely Specified <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is an XSI extension. The format of the output produced by the utility is not fully specified. It is
|
|
therefore not possible to post-process this output in a consistent fashion. Typical problems include unknown length of strings and
|
|
unspecified field delimiters.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, the material is identified by use of the OF margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('OH')">OH</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Optional Header <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
In the SYNOPSIS section of some interfaces in the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 an included header is
|
|
marked as in the following example:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<tt><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('OH')">OH</a>]</sup><img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
#include <sys/types.h>
|
|
<img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0">
|
|
#include <grp.h>
|
|
struct group *getgrnam(const char *name);
|
|
</tt>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>The OH margin legend indicates that the marked header is not required on XSI-conformant systems.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('PIO')">PIO</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Prioritized Input and Output <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the PIO margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the PIO margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('PS')">PS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Process Scheduling <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the PS margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the PS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('RS')">RS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0"> Raw
|
|
Sockets <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the RS margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the RS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('RTS')">RTS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Realtime Signals Extension <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the RTS margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the RTS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SD')">SD</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Software Development Utilities <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, utilities are marked with the SD margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
utility, the material is identified by use of the SD margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SEM')">SEM</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Semaphores <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the SEM margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the SEM margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SHM')">SHM</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Shared Memory Objects <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the SHM margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the SHM margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SIO')">SIO</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Synchronized Input and Output <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the SIO margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the SIO margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SPI')">SPI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Spin Locks <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the SPI margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the SPI margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SPN')">SPN</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Spawn <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the SPN margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the SPN margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('SS')">SS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Process Sporadic Server <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the SS margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the SS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TCT')">TCT</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread CPU-Time Clocks <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TCT margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TCT margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TEF')">TEF</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Trace Event Filter <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TEF margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TEF margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('THR')">THR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Threads <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the THR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the THR margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TMO')">TMO</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Timeouts <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TMO margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TMO margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TMR')">TMR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Timers <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TMR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TMR margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TPI')">TPI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Priority Inheritance <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TPI margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TPI margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TPP')">TPP</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Priority Protection <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TPP margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TPP margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TPS')">TPS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Execution Scheduling <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TPS margin legend for the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to
|
|
a function, the material is identified by use of the TPS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TRC')">TRC</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Trace <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TRC margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TRC margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TRI')">TRI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Trace Inherit <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TRI margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TRI margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TRL')">TRL</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Trace Log <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TRL margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TRL margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TSA')">TSA</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Stack Address Attribute <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TSA margin legend for the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to
|
|
a function, the material is identified by use of the TSA margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TSF')">TSF</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread-Safe Functions <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TSF margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TSF margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TSH')">TSH</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Process-Shared Synchronization <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TSH margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TSH margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TSP')">TSP</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Sporadic Server <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TSP margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TSP margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TSS')">TSS</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Thread Stack Address Size <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TSS margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TSS margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TYM')">TYM</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Typed Memory Objects <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the TYM margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the TYM margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('UP')">UP</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
User Portability Utilities <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, utilities are marked with the UP margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
utility, the material is identified by use of the UP margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
Extension <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is an XSI extension. Functionality marked XSI is also an extension to the ISO C standard.
|
|
Application writers may confidently make use of an extension on all systems supporting the X/Open System Interfaces Extension.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If an entire SYNOPSIS section is shaded and marked XSI, all the functionality described in that reference page is an extension.
|
|
See <a href="xbd_chap02.html#tag_02_01_04"><i>XSI Conformance</i></a> .</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSR')">XSR</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
XSI STREAMS <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"><br>
|
|
The functionality described is optional. The functionality described is also an extension to the ISO C standard.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where applicable, functions are marked with the XSR margin legend in the SYNOPSIS section. Where additional semantics apply to a
|
|
function, the material is identified by use of the XSR margin legend.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_01_05_02"></a>Margin Code Notation</h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>Some of the functionality described in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 depends on support of more than one option, or
|
|
independently may depend on several options. The following notation for margin codes is used to denote the following cases.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h5><a name="tag_01_05_02_01"></a>A Feature Dependent on One or Two Options</h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>In this case, margin codes have a <space> separator; for example:</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MF')">MF</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
This feature requires support for only the Memory Mapped Files option. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border=
|
|
"0"></p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MF SHM')">MF SHM</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border=
|
|
"0"> This feature requires support for both the Memory Mapped Files and the Shared Memory Objects options; that is, an application
|
|
which uses this feature is portable only between implementations that provide both options. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt=
|
|
"[Option End]" border="0"></p>
|
|
|
|
<h5><a name="tag_01_05_02_02"></a>A Feature Dependent on Either of the Options Denoted</h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>In this case, margin codes have a <tt>'|'</tt> separator to denote the logical OR; for example:</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MF')">MF|SHM</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
This feature is dependent on support for either the Memory Mapped Files option or the Shared Memory Objects option; that is, an
|
|
application which uses this feature is portable between implementations that provide any (or all) of the options. <img src=
|
|
"../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></p>
|
|
|
|
<h5><a name="tag_01_05_02_03"></a>A Feature Dependent on More than Two Options</h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>The following shorthand notations are used:</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MC1')">MC1</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
The MC1 margin code is shorthand for ADV (MF|SHM). Features which are shaded with this margin code require support of the Advisory
|
|
Information option and either the Memory Mapped Files or Shared Memory Objects option. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt=
|
|
"[Option End]" border="0"></p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('MC2')">MC2</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
The MC2 margin code is shorthand for MF|SHM|MPR. Features which are shaded with this margin code require support of either the
|
|
Memory Mapped Files, Shared Memory Objects, or Memory Protection options. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]"
|
|
border="0"></p>
|
|
|
|
<h5><a name="tag_01_05_02_04"></a>Large Sections Dependent on an Option</h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>Where large sections of text are dependent on support for an option, a lead-in text block is provided and shaded accordingly;
|
|
for example:</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('TRC')">TRC</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
|
|
This section describes extensions to support tracing of user applications. This functionality is dependent on support of the Trace
|
|
option (and the rest of this section is not further marked for this option). <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]"
|
|
border="0"></p>
|
|
|
|
<hr size="2" noshade>
|
|
<center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->
|
|
UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>
|
|
POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>
|
|
[ <a href="../mindex.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../basedefs/contents.html">XBD</a> | <a href=
|
|
"../utilities/contents.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../functions/contents.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xrat/contents.html">XRAT</a>
|
|
]</font></center>
|
|
|
|
<!--footer end-->
|
|
<hr size="2" noshade>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h4><a name="tag_01_05_03"></a>Footnotes</h4>
|
|
|
|
<dl compact>
|
|
<dt><a name="tag_foot_1">1.</a></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>ANSI documents can be obtained from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY
|
|
10018, U.S.A.</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a name="tag_foot_2">2.</a></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>ISO/IEC documents can be obtained from the ISO office: 1 Rue de Varembé, Case Postale 56, CH-1211, Genève 20,
|
|
Switzerland/Suisse</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
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