609 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
609 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
From: Digestifier <Linux-Activists-Request@senator-bedfellow.mit.edu>
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To: Linux-Activists@senator-bedfellow.mit.edu
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Reply-To: Linux-Activists@senator-bedfellow.mit.edu
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Date: Wed, 29 Sep 93 03:13:14 EDT
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Subject: Linux-Activists Digest #272
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Linux-Activists Digest #272, Volume #6 Wed, 29 Sep 93 03:13:14 EDT
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Contents:
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Re: SoftLanding Message (Mark A. Horton)
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Re: WordProcessor (~=TEX) for Linux (R. Stewart Ellis)
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Re: term? (R. Stewart Ellis)
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[Q]'s Gateway/1542/Linux/Tamu problems ? (ceham@uu.american.edu)
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Re: Bootdisk made by SLS install hangs during boot (robert balkenhol)
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Re: lpc couldn't start lpd daemon (Eric Sulzner)
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Booting probs with SLS 0.99 (Kevin Matassa)
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Backing up my Linux FS to (John Will)
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Memory and swap errors on (John Will)
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Re: Trantor support in Linux (bryan k williams)
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newbie advice needed (jdoliver@TrentU.CA)
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Re: term? (Craig Ashcroft Willmott)
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Re: I need a Xserver and Xconfig for ATI Graphics Ultra Plus (Thilo Jahke)
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Re: How does Linux compare to SUN IPC? (Jacques Gelinas)
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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From: mahmha@crl.com (Mark A. Horton)
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Subject: Re: SoftLanding Message
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Date: 28 Sep 1993 18:16:58 -0700
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Brett Michaels (brettm@access.digex.net) wrote:
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: Thanks for the help. The file /etc/issue contains this message. You can
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: edit it or remove to your liking.
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: Anyone know whta program/script calls displays this file?
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getty.
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you can control it - read the serial.FAQ for all the details
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- mark
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--
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Mark A. Horton mah@ka4ybr.com (or here)
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P.O.Box 747 Decatur GA US 30031-0747 ICBM: 33 45 N / 084 16 W
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+1.404.371.0291 Cruise: 33 45 30 N / 084 16 50 W
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"We may note that, for the purposes of these experiments, the symbol
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"=" has the meaning "may be confused with."
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------------------------------
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From: ellis@nova.gmi.edu (R. Stewart Ellis)
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Subject: Re: WordProcessor (~=TEX) for Linux
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Date: 29 Sep 93 01:27:23 GMT
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mark@taylor.uucp (Mark A. Davis) writes:
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>snail@lsl.co.uk writes:
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>>In article <1993Sep24.111523@cs.utwente.nl>, debruijn@cs.utwente.nl (Steef S.G. de Bruijn) writes:
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>>> |> a la WordPerfect for Linux.
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>>I think he means Framemaker for Linux, or 'Word for Linux' :-)
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>>> Wordperfert sucks (it's no misspell!)
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>>Don't u mean worddefect, as its know here. We have it one the Vomit Making
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>>System.
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>Kindly keep your personal and unproductive comments to your self. We find
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>the software to be extremely productive, flexible, cost effective, and
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>open. Perhaps you two should tell us which wordprocessors you use and like
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>so others can say yours suck.
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>Also, perhaps you should enlighten us as
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>to a better wordprocessing system under Unix? Framemaker isn't bad, but
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>TERRIBLY expensive.
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Starting with the recognition that WP is available on the widest range of
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systems, which gives it a tremendous headstart, it has a number of serious
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problems. I have seen signed postings from a guy who used truss on SVR4 to
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observe wp opening a config file 500 times while it was starting up. This
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is consistent with the startup speed under X. Also WP fails totally to
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understand how X and UNIX printspooling are supposed to work. If you bring
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up a dialog box on the X version and then dismiss the box, it repaints the
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entire screen a couple of times rather than restoring the save-under
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region. This is a dismal failure and really gets in the way of trying to
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use it. Three of us here with a total of over 20 years of UNIX experience
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still cannot get WP to print to all of our lpd printers after dozens of
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hours of effort. That has been real productive. I now have the port on all
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my printers set to disk. At least I can print from the shell after I save
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them.
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The one thing that makes me support WP is that I can use it over a terminal
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and trade docs with the Windoze or DOS or VMeSs users.
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--
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R.Stewart(Stew) Ellis, Assoc.Prof., (Off)313-762-9765 ___________________
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Humanities & Social Science, GMI Eng.& Mgmt. Inst. / _____ ______
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Flint, MI 48504 ellis@nova.gmi.edu / / / / / /
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Gopher,News and sendmail maintainer, all around hack /________/ / / / /
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------------------------------
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From: ellis@nova.gmi.edu (R. Stewart Ellis)
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Subject: Re: term?
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Date: 29 Sep 93 01:39:01 GMT
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mahmha@crl.com (Mark A. Horton) writes:
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>Timothy Mark Lawless (tlawless@whale.st.usm.edu) wrote:
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>: I am real new to linux.. Can anyone tell me what i would use term for?
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>: and how to use it.. If all this is in a faq i would be happy to look
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>: it up if i knew where it was and what it was..
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>: Thanx.
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>: Tim.
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> The major sites for "life, the universe, and Linux" are:
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> tsx-11.mit.edu /pub/linux
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> sunsite.unc.edu /pub/Linux
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> nic.funet.fi /pub/OS/Linux
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[delete lots]
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> In answer to your specific question, term is a terminal
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> communications program that is very robust. For more
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This is like saying a Ferrari is a wagon (they both have wheels and someone
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can ride in both). Term allows you to set up a socket over a modem
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connection that looks like the sockets that allow all sorts of network stuff
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to take place such as telnet, nntp,ftp, irc, and even X (tcp services but
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not udp services, so no NFS or talk).
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Also like a Ferrari, it is very powerful but occasionally kinda cranky. I
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would not characterize it as robust. I use it several hours a day. I now
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have 4 xterms on my home machine (a SPARC) displaying stuff running on the
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Sun server at school.
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> standard terminal emulation I enjoy using minicom (currently
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> version 1.4g) It is very complete, compiled clean first shot,
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> installed like a breeze, and is very well documented.
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> -- Mark
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--
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R.Stewart(Stew) Ellis, Assoc.Prof., (Off)313-762-9765 ___________________
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Humanities & Social Science, GMI Eng.& Mgmt. Inst. / _____ ______
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Flint, MI 48504 ellis@nova.gmi.edu / / / / / /
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Gopher,News and sendmail maintainer, all around hack /________/ / / / /
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------------------------------
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From: ceham@uu.american.edu
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Crossposted-To: alt.sys.pc-clone.gateway2000
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Subject: [Q]'s Gateway/1542/Linux/Tamu problems ?
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Date: 29 Sep 1993 02:01:12 GMT
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Hi, ia have a couple of questions on the following config:
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PC: Gateway 3SX-33 (386-33) 4MB RAM
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Adaptec 1542
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1 SCSI Drive
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OS: LINUX: TAMU.99p12 release
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Partitions: 1=DOS; 2=Swapfile (type 82); 3=Linux ext2fs (type 83)
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1) What is the proper device configuration for the "PS/2" style
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microsoft mouse that comes with the Gateway for X ?
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I used the following lines in my Xconfig file
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ps/2 "/dev/psaux"
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emulate3botton
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despite these settings, I get no mouse activity.. (frozen X) :(
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I have also tried a 3 button logitech serial using /dev/ttys0.
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this results in a pointer locking up in the upper left corner
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of the screen. Arrg
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2) [TAMU]: Where is the "mouse" utility advertized to be in
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/usr/X386/lib/X11/etc/v1.1/tst/mouse ??? Unless the Installation
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guide is wrong, I did not have such directory ! is there a site that
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carries this utility ?
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3) I have installed bootactv and LILO on the system and I cannot boot from
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the harddisk. LILO is installed on partition 3 (/dev/sda3 ext2fs)
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When booting, the boot [1-4]: prompt says:
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Invalid !
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when partition 3 is selected. I have tried different combinations
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of partitions, and can't seem to get around this. The only way I can
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boot is using the disk (LILO) and <Shift> boot:harddisk root=/dev/sda3
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Suggestions ?
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I have been through most FAQ's I could find, and the is not much
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on TAMU specific problems. (I whish there was :) I also saw a few
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people having boot problems with 1542, but their problems seemed different.
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Thanks (in advance)
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Maurice De Vidts, NE3S
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ceham@uu.american.edu
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------------------------------
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From: rbalkenh@sookit (robert balkenhol)
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Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.misc,comp.os.linux.help,comp.os.linux.admin
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Subject: Re: Bootdisk made by SLS install hangs during boot
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Date: 29 Sep 1993 03:00:58 GMT
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Reply-To: rbalkenh@sookit.jpl.nasa.gov
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Laurent Duperval (duperval@IRO.UMontreal.CA) wrote:
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: Wolfgang.Roth@graphics.ap.mchp.sni.de wrote:
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: -> In article <cornell.747335005@texas> cornell@syl.dl.nec.com writes:
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: -> >SLS version: 1.03
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: -> >Machine1: NEC Powermate 386
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: -> >Machine2: Amax PC/386
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: -> >
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: -> >I've installed the SLS v.1.03 release on three machines. The two
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: -> >listed above had the same trouble after installing, making a
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: -> >bootdisk, and trying to boot from that bootdisk.
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: -> I have the same problems on 3 machines (2*486 and 1*386) when I
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: -> tried to boot from the original 3,5" bootdisk in driva A. The
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: -> loading stops after the message "Detecting soundcard: AdLib
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: -> (type 3)". I have no soundcards installed.
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: I had the same problem. I circumvented (sp?) it by booting at low speed. It
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: worked fine then, but I can't explain it. After I installed everything and
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: had my own boot floppy, I was again able to boot at high speed. Go figure.
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I too had a problem on two machines dying at the adlib sound card message.
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One was an AST 486 with all of the standard I/O on the mother board plus a
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novell ne2000 card. The other was a no-name black box 40 mhz 386 with an
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adaptec scsi card and a _novell_ne200_card_. NONE of the adresses or irq's
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appeared to conflict. I solved my problem by changeing the novell card to
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use 300h and irq5, (supposedly a non-standard setting, but it works).
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The troubleshooting was vexing..different kernels..6 mchines...differnent
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versions...screw with the hardware jumpers...sleep at last!
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--
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***************************
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Robert Balkenhol
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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Disclaimer:ispeakforonlyme!
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------------------------------
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From: esulzner@demo5.intel.com (Eric Sulzner)
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Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.help
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Subject: Re: lpc couldn't start lpd daemon
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Date: 29 Sep 1993 02:59:01 GMT
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In article <287ioi$36f@usenet.mcs.kent.edu>
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ransel@mcs.kent.edu (Ransel Yoho) writes:
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I solved this by running two xterms, in one strace -f lpd (kill the old
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lpd first), in the other strace -f something that doesn't work (lpr
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filename, or lpc start lp). One of the windows (I think the lpd one)
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got an error when it tried to do an operation on /dev/lp, which was a
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directory. I removed it and made a link from lp to lp1. Now it works.
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FAQ? I've answered this a few times. Your mileage may vary. Use
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strace -f if it does.
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I'm running the slackware thaT looks like this:
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# uname -a
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Linux darkstar 0.99.12 #6 Sun Aug 8 16:02:35 CDT 1993 i486
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I'm having trouble with lpr from the linux:.99pl12. The following commands
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show my configuration of lpd and the errors, each command is preceded by [#]:
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[1]$ cat /etc/printcap
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lp|laser|HPlaser in Library:\
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:lp=/dev/ttyS1:sd=/usr/spool/laser:br#9600:\
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:pl#66:pw#96:sh:lf=/usr/adm/lpd-errs:fs#021:fc#0300:
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[2]$ ls -l /usr/spool/laser/*
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root daemon 3 Sep 27 14:11 /usr/spool/laser/lock
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root daemon 0 Sep 24 07:48 /usr/spool/laser/status
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[3]$ grep lp rc rc.local
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rc.local:/etc/lpd &
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[4]$ ps -aux | grep lpd
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root 37 0.0 7.0 68 212 ? S 14:11 0:00 /etc/lpd
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[5]$ ls /bin | lpr -P laser
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[6]$ lpq
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Warning: no daemon present
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Rank Owner Job Files Total Size
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1st ransel 10 (standard input) 629 bytes
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[7]$ ls -l /usr/spool/laser/*
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-rw-rw---- 1 daemon daemon 70 Sep 27 14:54 /usr/spool/laser/cfA010jigger
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-rw-rw---- 1 ransel daemon 629 Sep 27 14:54 /usr/spool/laser/dfA010jigger
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root daemon 4 Sep 27 14:54 /usr/spool/laser/lock
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root daemon 0 Sep 24 07:48 /usr/spool/laser/status
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[8]$ lpc
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lpc> start laser
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laser:
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printing enabled
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lpc: connect: No such file or directory
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couldn't start daemon
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lpc>
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[9]$ ls -l /etc/lpd /usr/bin/lpc /usr/bin/lpr /usr/bin/lpq /usr/etc/lpd
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Sep 24 08:45 /etc/lpd -> /usr/etc/lpd
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-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 21508 Aug 12 21:06 /usr/bin/lpc
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-r-sr-sr-x 1 daemon daemon 12328 Aug 12 20:58 /usr/bin/lpq
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-r-sr-sr-x 1 root daemon 14048 Aug 12 20:58 /usr/bin/lpr
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-r-sr-x--- 1 daemon daemon 39696 Aug 12 16:44 /usr/etc/lpd
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TCP/IP stuff on this old 386sx machine works fine, it has a 3C503 etherlink II
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card; telnet, ftp, & rlogin all work fine. The requests get spooled, but
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a daemon does not get spawned to print the file.
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Please advise!!!
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Thanks,
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Ransel (ransel@mcs.kent.edu)
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--
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Eric Sulzner esulzner@cadev6.intel.com
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disclaimer -> I am not speaking for Intel.
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------------------------------
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From: ad737@Freenet.carleton.ca (Kevin Matassa)
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Subject: Booting probs with SLS 0.99
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Reply-To: ad737@Freenet.carleton.ca (Kevin Matassa)
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Date: Wed, 29 Sep 1993 03:14:59 GMT
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I have:
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- 33 MHZ TI 486 DLC with math copro
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- 4 MG RAM
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- UN-1072 I/O Card (Serial,parallel,game,hard disk, floppy)
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- Cirrus 1MG SVGA Card
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- 2 floppies
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- CrossLink Fax/Modem
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- 170 Quantum Disk
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My problem:
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On booting from the boot floppy I select the ramdisk option
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from LILO. It goes on identifying my hardware and then states that
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INIT: Version 2.0 is booting. The boot at this point hangs.
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There is local echo on the console, and my function keys for virtual
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terminals seem to work, but I do not get the SLS login prompt
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Help ?
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Thanks in advance
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--
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// Kevin Matassa
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// ad737@freenet.carleton.ca
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// Ottawa, Ont, Canada
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------------------------------
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From: john.will@satalink.com (John Will)
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Subject: Backing up my Linux FS to
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Date: 29 Sep 93 00:02:00 GMT
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G >Is there another
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G >way of baucking up my Linux system. To floppy? I don't have a tape
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G >drive. I know tar will do it, but I'd like to have something that is
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G >automated.
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Automated? You mean you want something else to put the floppies in?
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GNU tar is supposed to handle multi-volume archives, so it's as automatic
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as it gets, but you'll still have to stuff floppies...
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------------------------------
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From: john.will@satalink.com (John Will)
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Subject: Memory and swap errors on
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Date: 29 Sep 93 00:06:00 GMT
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CM>"bad page table [00cf902c]=00000400"
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CM>
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CM>"NMI received. Dazed and confused, but trying to continue."
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CM>
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CM>These errors have been received durring various tasks. I loged in last
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CM>night, and left it on. When I woke, I had a few of these errors on
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CM>the screen, and the VC was locked up.
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Certainly sounds like memory problems to me, try removing 4mb of RAM and
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running with the 16mb and see if you still have a problem. I'd say you
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have memory problems...
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------------------------------
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From: uk02183@nx20.mik.uky.edu (bryan k williams)
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Subject: Re: Trantor support in Linux
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Date: Wed, 29 Sep 1993 05:26:43 GMT
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Is there anyone out there who has actually gotten the trantor SCSI alpha
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code for the T128 controller to work? I got the patch, with no more
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instructions than to extract to the src directory, do the patch, and
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recompile the kernel, all steps are done and I can verify the new code gets
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compiled, AND I forced the code to look for my board at $CC000 and expect
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no IRQ. BUT although this is done I get no recognition of the SCSI card.
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I assume that including the generic SCSI in addition to the T128 Alpha
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code is ok or needed (seems like there is a high-level driver on top
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of hardware-specific ones?)...
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Anybody got help? If I get strange messages regarding the success of
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individual patches, what should I make of them?
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Also: I compiled it into 0.99 pl 12.
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(slackware)
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------------------------------
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From: jdoliver@TrentU.CA
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Subject: newbie advice needed
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Reply-To: jdoliver@TrentU.CA
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Date: Wed, 29 Sep 1993 05:11:07 GMT
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Hello!
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I am thinking of trying out Linux on my PC (386DX/33 - 4 MB RAM) on the
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second hard drive (100MB). I would also like to try X-Windows.
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I need advice on how to install Linux (basically), and I also need a
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hand finding X-Windows - is it, or a clone of it, available through
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ftp? Where is the best site for Linux software distribution?
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I really need a hand here, as I really want to run this stuff...
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Thanks a lot in advance to anyone who helps me out here...
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jdoliver@trentu.ca Jeff Oliver
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Trent University
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Peterborough, Ont.
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Great White North, eh
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------------------------------
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From: cwil4@cs.aukuni.ac.nz (Craig Ashcroft Willmott )
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Subject: Re: term?
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Date: Wed, 29 Sep 1993 05:16:18 GMT
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In <ellis.749266741@nova> ellis@nova.gmi.edu (R. Stewart Ellis) writes:
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>This is like saying a Ferrari is a wagon (they both have wheels and someone
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>can ride in both). Term allows you to set up a socket over a modem
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>connection that looks like the sockets that allow all sorts of network stuff
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>to take place such as telnet, nntp,ftp, irc, and even X (tcp services but
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>not udp services, so no NFS or talk).
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|
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>Also like a Ferrari, it is very powerful but occasionally kinda cranky. I
|
|
>would not characterize it as robust. I use it several hours a day. I now
|
|
>have 4 xterms on my home machine (a SPARC) displaying stuff running on the
|
|
>Sun server at school.
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|
|
|
I'm also a newcomer to the Linux world, I've had it installed for five
|
|
days now, and a lot of that has been spent on Kermit and term.
|
|
What I want to do is attach a socket at uni to a socket on linux, or
|
|
more specifically, to a login prompt.
|
|
|
|
I've got term going fine, so that I can trsh back and forth. Then I tried
|
|
to use tredir to connect the sockets setup. So from uni I did
|
|
tredir 12345 23
|
|
thinking that this should attach the remote port 12345 to my telnet
|
|
port. Also I tried 12345 by itself, hoping it would just create a login.
|
|
When trying to connect from uni, (telnet <local> 12345) I get
|
|
a connection but then nothing happens. Is there something wrong with
|
|
my telnet connection? It works just fine when I telnet localhost 23
|
|
from home.
|
|
Also, when I trsh back into linux, some characters (in particular line
|
|
feeds) don't get through. According to the man, I can set up my
|
|
~.term/termrc file to escape these characters. How do you do that?
|
|
Is termrc executed before an rsh is set up or what?
|
|
Also, after I run tredir, my trsh dies (freezes). Is this supposed
|
|
to happen?
|
|
|
|
Yours, in an effort to avoid suid trshs,
|
|
Craig.
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
"I had a bad day...I had to subvert my principles and kowtow to an idiot.
|
|
Television makes these daily sacrifices possible ... deadens the inner core
|
|
of my being." _Trust_
|
|
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
From: jahke@amoeba.stgt.sub.org (Thilo Jahke)
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|
Subject: Re: I need a Xserver and Xconfig for ATI Graphics Ultra Plus
|
|
Date: Mon, 27 Sep 1993 07:32:16 GMT
|
|
|
|
Tony Cifelli (ag794@Freenet.carleton.ca) wrote:
|
|
|
|
: Thanks to those who have helped so far.
|
|
|
|
: Still no luck. I want to get something to download or ftp at best.
|
|
: I've heard that people are having trouble re-compiling the Xserver.
|
|
: I would like to avoid that if possible.
|
|
|
|
: Does anyone out there actually have Linux working with the
|
|
: ATI Graphics Ultra Plus? Regardless of whether it takes full
|
|
: advantage of the hardware support it offers.
|
|
|
|
It's workinh very nice using the X8514-version which can be found
|
|
on tsx-11 or sunsite
|
|
|
|
Look in directoy X11/X-servers (or similar)
|
|
|
|
Thilo
|
|
--
|
|
+--------------------------------------------+
|
|
/ Thilo Jahke, Private Linux Site, Germany /
|
|
/ EMail: jahke@amoeba.stgt.sub.org /
|
|
+--------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
From: jack@solucorp.qc.ca (Jacques Gelinas)
|
|
Subject: Re: How does Linux compare to SUN IPC?
|
|
Date: Wed, 29 Sep 93 05:01:17 GMT
|
|
|
|
slater@gandalf.nrlssc.navy.mil (Rick Slater) writes:
|
|
|
|
>a228dhal@cdf.toronto.edu (Dhaliwal Bikram Singh) writes:
|
|
|
|
>|> It has seemed to me that my Linux system at home (X and GCC running in
|
|
>|> a 15mb partition, on a 386-40, with room to spare) is faster than the
|
|
>|> SUN IPC workstations I use at school. I can only offer subjective
|
|
>|> speculation though, ie. time for a xterm to open, etc...
|
|
>|>
|
|
>|> I was wondering, if anyone has done benchmarks between the two for
|
|
>|> various processors. I am not saying that Linux is better, it still
|
|
>|> has a ways to go before it can match the all around appeal of the SUN.
|
|
>|>
|
|
|
|
>I've run several "benchmarks" on both a 486DX-33 and a Sun IPC with the
|
|
>overall result that the PC was in the same ballpark as the Sun. The
|
|
>benchmarks were: Drystone test, whetstone test, and a large TeX file
|
|
>that came with the SLS distribution (gentle.tex). The PC went from
|
|
>a .tex file to a .dvi file, using the same version of tex, in a little
|
|
>more than half the time that it took the Sun. OTOH, the Sun was slightly
|
|
>faster on the first two tests.
|
|
|
|
Those benchmark are funny. I think they highly depend on the
|
|
application used.
|
|
|
|
Those who compare Usenet news unpacking will
|
|
have a winner with linux. SUNOS is does synchronous file
|
|
creation, not linux. This means that if you creat a large number
|
|
of files, linux will goes faster than sunos, which sync the directory
|
|
to disk for each new file. SUNOS will be more reliable however.
|
|
Off course, this is apple and banana.
|
|
|
|
One real life test I am doing often is zip and gzip of large
|
|
file. The ELC (33 mhz sparc) is about twice as fast as a 486dx33
|
|
(both with 16 megs ram). gzip is 30% faster on the Sparc.
|
|
|
|
On a 486 66, zip is about the same speed, but it seem that SUNOS
|
|
I/O (SCSI) is faster than IDE I/O on Linux. Much faster, so to
|
|
crunch about 40 megs of DOS .obj file is 50 % faster on a Sparc ELC
|
|
than the 486 66.
|
|
|
|
Again, I guess it hardly depend of the type of the application
|
|
you are using.
|
|
|
|
One thing that really suprise me, it that people are getting
|
|
better benchmark on Linux for floatting point. This is difficult
|
|
to believe. Linux as little to do here. A 486 is not a screamer
|
|
for floatting point ... by far. Benchmark publish by Unix Review
|
|
show that a Sparc Classic outperform a 486 50 everywhere by almost
|
|
2 except on some integer test where the sparc was sligtly
|
|
slower. For disk I/O, the Sparc was much faster. They used a High end
|
|
486 50 PC with retail for about the same price as the Sparc.
|
|
|
|
Just more confusion I guess!
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
========================================================
|
|
Jacques Gelinas (jacques@solucorp.qc.ca)
|
|
Maintainer of US4BINR jacques@us4binr.login.qc.ca
|
|
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
** FOR YOUR REFERENCE **
|
|
|
|
The service address, to which questions about the list itself and requests
|
|
to be added to or deleted from it should be directed, is:
|
|
|
|
Internet: Linux-Activists-Request@NEWS-DIGESTS.MIT.EDU
|
|
|
|
You can send mail to the entire list (and comp.os.linux) via:
|
|
|
|
Internet: Linux-Activists@NEWS-DIGESTS.MIT.EDU
|
|
|
|
Linux may be obtained via one of these FTP sites:
|
|
nic.funet.fi pub/OS/Linux
|
|
tsx-11.mit.edu pub/linux
|
|
tupac-amaru.informatik.rwth-aachen.de pub/msdos/replace
|
|
|
|
The current version of Linux is 0.99pl9 released on April 23, 1993
|
|
|
|
End of Linux-Activists Digest
|
|
******************************
|