628 lines
18 KiB
TeX
628 lines
18 KiB
TeX
% Reference Card for GNU Emacs version 18 on Unix systems
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%**start of header
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\newcount\columnsperpage
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% This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below).
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% Specify how many you want here. Nothing else needs to be changed.
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\columnsperpage=1
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% Copyright (c) 1987 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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% This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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% GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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% the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
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% any later version.
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% GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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% GNU General Public License for more details.
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% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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% along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
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% the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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% This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82).
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%
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% The final reference card has six columns, three on each side.
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% This file can be used to produce it in any of three ways:
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% 1 column per page
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% produces six separate pages, each of which needs to be reduced to 80%.
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% This gives the best resolution.
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% 2 columns per page
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% produces three already-reduced pages.
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% You will still need to cut and paste.
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% 3 columns per page
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% produces two pages which must be printed sideways to make a
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% ready-to-use 8.5 x 11 inch reference card.
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% For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways.
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% Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage above.
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%
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% Author:
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% Stephen Gildea
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% UUCP: mit-erl!gildea
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% Internet: gildea@erl.mit.edu
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%
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% Thanks to Paul Rubin, Bob Chassell, Len Tower, and Richard Mlynarik
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% for their many good ideas.
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% If there were room, it would be nice to see sections on
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% Abbrevs, Rectangles, and Dired.
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\def\versionnumber{1.9}
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\def\year{1987}
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\def\version{March \year\ v\versionnumber}
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\def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill
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\centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permissions on back. v\versionnumber}}
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\def\copyrightnotice{
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\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small
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\centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.}
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\centerline{designed by Stephen Gildea, \version}
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\centerline{for GNU Emacs version 18 on Unix systems}
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Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of
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this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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are preserved on all copies.
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For copies of the GNU Emacs manual, write to the Free Software
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Foundation, Inc., 675 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139.
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\endgroup}
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% make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below
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% can be scanned without complaint.
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\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}
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\newdimen\intercolumnskip
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\newbox\columna
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\newbox\columnb
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\def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage}
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\message{[\ncolumns\space
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column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]}
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\def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1}
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% This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea
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% October 1986.
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\if 1\ncolumns
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\hsize 4in
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\vsize 10in
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\voffset -.7in
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\font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3
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\font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2
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\font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm
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\font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy
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\footline{\hss\folio}
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\def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}}
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\else
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\hsize 3.2in
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\vsize 7.95in
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\hoffset -.75in
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\voffset -.745in
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\font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2
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\font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1
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\font\smallfont=cmr6
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\font\smallsy=cmsy6
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\font\eightrm=cmr8
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\font\eightbf=cmbx8
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\font\eightit=cmti8
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\font\eighttt=cmtt8
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\font\eightsy=cmsy8
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\textfont0=\eightrm
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\textfont2=\eightsy
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\def\rm{\eightrm}
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\def\bf{\eightbf}
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\def\it{\eightit}
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\def\tt{\eighttt}
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\normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip
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\normallineskip=.8\normallineskip
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\normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit
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\normalbaselines\rm %make definitions take effect
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\if 2\ncolumns
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\let\maxcolumn=b
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\footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss}
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\def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}}
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\else \if 3\ncolumns
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\let\maxcolumn=c
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\nopagenumbers
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\else
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\errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.}
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\errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page}
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\fi\fi
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\intercolumnskip=.46in
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\def\abc{a}
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\output={%
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% This next line is useful when designing the layout.
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%\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark}
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\if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a}
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\else\if a\abc
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\global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b}
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%% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode)
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\global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{}
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\else
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\global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi}
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\def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
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\hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip
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\box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
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\makefootline}\advancepageno}
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\def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
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\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject
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\if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
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\if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
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\end}
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\fi
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% we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters
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% we might want to talk about
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\catcode`\^=12
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\catcode`\_=12
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\chardef\\=`\\
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\chardef\{=`\{
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\chardef\}=`\}
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\hyphenation{mini-buf-fer}
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\parindent 0pt
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\parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex
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\def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip}
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\outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject}
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\outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex}
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\outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak
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\vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}%
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\vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex}
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\newdimen\keyindent
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\def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em}
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\def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em}
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\endindentedkeys
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\def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign}
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\def\<#1>{$\langle${\rm #1}$\rangle$}
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\def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null} %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows
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\def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup
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\obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt}
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{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
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\def\endexample{\endgroup}
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\def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop
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{\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em
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\hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}}
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\newbox\metaxbox
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\setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }}
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\newdimen\metaxwidth
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\metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox
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\def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize
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{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}%
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\hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil
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\kbd{#2}\hfil}}
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\def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\quad
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&\kbd{#3}\quad\cr}
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%**end of header
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\title{GNU Emacs Reference Card}
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\centerline{(for version 18)}
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\section{Starting Emacs}
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To enter Emacs, just type its name: \kbd{emacs}
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To read in a file to edit, see Files, below.
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\section{Leaving Emacs}
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\key{suspend Emacs (the usual way of leaving it)}{C-z}
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\key{exit Emacs permanently}{C-x C-c}
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\section{Files}
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\key{{\bf read} a file into Emacs}{C-x C-f}
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\key{{\bf save} a file back to disk}{C-x C-s}
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\key{{\bf insert} contents of another file into this buffer}{C-x i}
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\key{replace this file with the file you really want}{C-x C-v}
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\key{write buffer to a specified file}{C-x C-w}
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\key{run Dired, the directory editor}{C-x d}
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\section{Getting Help}
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The Help system is simple. Type \kbd{C-h} and follow the directions.
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If you are a first-time user, type \kbd{C-h t} for a {\bf tutorial}.
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(This card assumes you know the tutorial.)
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\key{get rid of Help window}{C-x 1}
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\key{scroll Help window}{ESC C-v}
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\key{apropos: show commands matching a string}{C-h a}
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\key{show the function a key runs}{C-h c}
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\key{describe a function}{C-h f}
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\key{get mode-specific information}{C-h m}
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\section{Error Recovery}
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\key{{\bf abort} partially typed or executing command}{C-g}
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\metax{{\bf recover} a file lost by a system crash}{M-x recover-file}
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\key{{\bf undo} an unwanted change}{C-x u {\rm or} C-_}
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\metax{restore a buffer to its original contents}{M-x revert-buffer}
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\key{redraw garbaged screen}{C-l}
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\section{Incremental Search}
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\key{search forward}{C-s}
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\key{search backward}{C-r}
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\key{regular expression search}{C-M-s}
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Use \kbd{C-s} or \kbd{C-r} again to repeat the search in either direction.
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\key{exit incremental search}{ESC}
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\key{undo effect of last character}{DEL}
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\key{abort current search}{C-g}
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If Emacs is still searching, \kbd{C-g} will cancel the
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part of the search not done, otherwise it aborts the entire search.
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\shortcopyrightnotice
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\section{Motion}
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Cursor motion:
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\beginindentedkeys
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\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
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\threecol{{\bf entity to move over}}{{\bf backward}}{{\bf forward}}
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\threecol{character}{C-b}{C-f}
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\threecol{word}{M-b}{M-f}
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\threecol{line}{C-p}{C-n}
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\threecol{go to line beginning (or end)}{C-a}{C-e}
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\threecol{sentence}{M-a}{M-e}
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\threecol{paragraph}{M-[}{M-]}
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\threecol{page}{C-x [}{C-x ]}
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\threecol{sexp}{C-M-b}{C-M-f}
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\threecol{function}{C-M-a}{C-M-e}
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\threecol{go to buffer beginning (or end)}{M-<}{M->}
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}
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Screen motion:
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\key{scroll to next screen}{C-v}
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\key{scroll to previous screen}{M-v}
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\key{scroll left}{C-x <}
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\key{scroll right}{C-x >}
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\endindentedkeys
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\section{Killing and Deleting}
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\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
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\threecol{{\bf entity to kill}}{{\bf backward}}{{\bf forward}}
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\threecol{character (delete, not kill)}{DEL}{C-d}
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\threecol{word}{M-DEL}{M-d}
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\threecol{line (to end of)}{M-0 C-k}{C-k}
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\threecol{sentence}{C-x DEL}{M-k}
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\threecol{sexp}{M-- C-M-k}{C-M-k}
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}
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\key{kill {\bf region}}{C-w}
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\key{kill to next occurrence of {\it char}}{M-z {\it char}}
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\key{yank back last thing killed}{C-y}
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\key{replace last yank with previous kill}{M-y}
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\section{Marking}
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\key{set mark here}{C-@ {\rm or} C-SPC}
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\key{exchange point and mark}{C-x C-x}
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\key{set mark {\it arg\/} {\bf words} away}{M-@}
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\key{mark {\bf paragraph}}{M-h}
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\key{mark {\bf page}}{C-x C-p}
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\key{mark {\bf sexp}}{C-M-@}
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\key{mark {\bf function}}{C-M-h}
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\key{mark entire {\bf buffer}}{C-x h}
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\section{Query Replace}
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\key{interactively replace a text string}{M-\%}
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\metax{using regular expressions}{M-x query-replace-regexp}
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Valid responses in query-replace mode are
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\key{{\bf replace} this one, go on to next}{SPC}
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\key{replace this one, don't move}{,}
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\key{{\bf skip} to next without replacing}{DEL}
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\key{replace all remaining matches}{!}
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\key{{\bf back up} to the previous match}{^}
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\key{{\bf exit} query-replace}{ESC}
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\key{enter recursive edit (\kbd{C-M-c} to exit)}{C-r}
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\section{Multiple Windows}
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\key{delete all other windows}{C-x 1}
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\key{delete this window}{C-x 0}
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\key{split window in 2 vertically}{C-x 2}
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\key{split window in 2 horizontally}{C-x 5}
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\key{scroll other window}{C-M-v}
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\key{switch cursor to another window}{C-x o}
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\metax{shrink window shorter}{M-x shrink-window}
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\key{grow window taller}{C-x ^}
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\key{shrink window narrower}{C-x \{}
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\key{grow window wider}{C-x \}}
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\key{select a buffer in other window}{C-x 4 b}
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\key{find file in other window}{C-x 4 f}
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\key{compose mail in other window}{C-x 4 m}
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\key{run Dired in other window}{C-x 4 d}
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\key{find tag in other window}{C-x 4 .}
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\section{Formatting}
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\key{indent current {\bf line} (mode-dependent)}{TAB}
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\key{indent {\bf region} (mode-dependent)}{C-M-\\}
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\key{indent {\bf sexp} (mode-dependent)}{C-M-q}
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\key{indent region rigidly {\it arg\/} columns}{C-x TAB}
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\key{insert newline after point}{C-o}
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\key{move rest of line vertically down}{C-M-o}
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\key{delete blank lines around point}{C-x C-o}
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\key{delete all whitespace around point}{M-\\}
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\key{put exactly one space at point}{M-SPC}
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\key{fill {\bf paragraph}}{M-q}
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\key{fill {\bf region}}{M-g}
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\key{set fill column}{C-x f}
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\key{set prefix each line starts with}{C-x .}
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\section{Case Change}
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\key{uppercase word}{M-u}
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\key{lowercase word}{M-l}
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\key{capitalize word}{M-c}
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\key{uppercase region}{C-x C-u}
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\key{lowercase region}{C-x C-l}
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\metax{capitalize region}{M-x capitalize-region}
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\section{The Minibuffer}
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The following keys are defined in the minibuffer.
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\key{complete as much as possible}{TAB}
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\key{complete up to one word}{SPC}
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\key{complete and execute}{RET}
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\key{show possible completions}{?}
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\key{abort command}{C-g}
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Type \kbd{C-x ESC} to edit and repeat the last command that used the
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minibuffer. The following keys are then defined.
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\key{previous minibuffer command}{M-p}
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\key{next minibuffer command}{M-n}
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\newcolumn
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\title{GNU Emacs Reference Card}
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\section{Buffers}
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\key{select another buffer}{C-x b}
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\key{list all buffers}{C-x C-b}
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\key{kill a buffer}{C-x k}
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\section{Transposing}
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\key{transpose {\bf characters}}{C-t}
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\key{transpose {\bf words}}{M-t}
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\key{transpose {\bf lines}}{C-x C-t}
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\key{transpose {\bf sexps}}{C-M-t}
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\section{Spelling Check}
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\key{check spelling of current word}{M-\$}
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\metax{check spelling of all words in region}{M-x spell-region}
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\metax{check spelling of entire buffer}{M-x spell-buffer}
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\section{Tags}
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\key{find tag}{M-.}
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\key{find next occurrence of tag}{C-u M-.}
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\metax{specify a new tags file}{M-x visit-tags-table}
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\metax{regexp search on all files in tags table}{M-x tags-search}
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\metax{query replace on all the files}{M-x tags-query-replace}
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\key{continue last tags search or query-replace}{M-,}
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\section{Shells}
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\key{execute a shell command}{M-!}
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\key{run a shell command on the region}{M-|}
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\key{filter region through a shell command}{C-u M-|}
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\metax{start a shell in window \kbd{*shell*}}{M-x shell}
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\section{Rmail}
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\key{scroll forward}{SPC}
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\key{scroll reverse}{DEL}
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\key{beginning of message}{. {\rm (dot)}}
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\key{{\bf next} non-deleted message}{n}
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\key{{\bf previous} non-deleted message}{p}
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\key{next message}{M-n}
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\key{previous message}{M-p}
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\key{{\bf delete} message}{d}
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\key{delete message and back up}{C-d}
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\key{undelete message}{u}
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\key{{\bf reply} to message}{r}
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\key{forward message to someone}{f}
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\key{send mail}{m}
|
||
\key{{\bf get} newly arrived mail}{g}
|
||
\key{{\bf quit} Rmail}{q}
|
||
\key{output message to another Rmail file}{o}
|
||
\key{output message in Unix-mail style}{C-o}
|
||
\key{show summary of headers}{h}
|
||
|
||
\section{Regular Expressions}
|
||
|
||
The following have special meaning inside a regular expression.
|
||
|
||
\key{any single character}{. {\rm(dot)}}
|
||
\key{zero or more repeats}{*}
|
||
\key{one or more repeats}{+}
|
||
\key{zero or one repeat}{?}
|
||
\key{any character in set}{[ {\rm$\ldots$} ]}
|
||
\key{any character not in set}{[^ {\rm$\ldots$} ]}
|
||
\key{beginning of line}{^}
|
||
\key{end of line}{\$}
|
||
\key{quote a special character {\it c\/}}{\\{\it c}}
|
||
\key{alternative (``or'')}{\\|}
|
||
\key{grouping}{\\( {\rm$\ldots$} \\)}
|
||
\key{{\it n\/}th group}{\\{\it n}}
|
||
\key{beginning of buffer}{\\`}
|
||
\key{end of buffer}{\\'}
|
||
\key{word break}{\\b}
|
||
\key{not beginning or end of word}{\\B}
|
||
\key{beginning of word}{\\<}
|
||
\key{end of word}{\\>}
|
||
\key{any word-syntax character}{\\w}
|
||
\key{any non-word-syntax character}{\\W}
|
||
\key{character with syntax {\it c}}{\\s{\it c}}
|
||
\key{character with syntax not {\it c}}{\\S{\it c}}
|
||
|
||
\section{Registers}
|
||
|
||
\key{copy region to register}{C-x x}
|
||
\key{insert register contents}{C-x g}
|
||
|
||
\key{save point in register}{C-x /}
|
||
\key{move point to saved location}{C-x j}
|
||
|
||
\section{Info}
|
||
|
||
\key{enter the Info documentation reader}{C-h i}
|
||
\beginindentedkeys
|
||
|
||
Moving within a node:
|
||
|
||
\key{scroll forward}{SPC}
|
||
\key{scroll reverse}{DEL}
|
||
\key{beginning of node}{. {\rm (dot)}}
|
||
|
||
Moving between nodes:
|
||
|
||
\key{{\bf next} node}{n}
|
||
\key{{\bf previous} node}{p}
|
||
\key{move {\bf up}}{u}
|
||
\key{select menu item by name}{m}
|
||
\key{select {\it n\/}th menu item by number (1--5)}{{\it n}}
|
||
\key{follow cross reference (return with \kbd{l})}{f}
|
||
\key{return to last node you saw}{l}
|
||
\key{return to directory node}{d}
|
||
\key{go to any node by name}{g}
|
||
|
||
Other:
|
||
|
||
\key{run Info {\bf tutorial}}{h}
|
||
\key{list Info commands}{?}
|
||
\key{{\bf quit} Info}{q}
|
||
\key{search nodes for regexp}{s}
|
||
|
||
\endindentedkeys
|
||
|
||
\section{Keyboard Macros}
|
||
|
||
\key{{\bf start} defining a keyboard macro}{C-x (}
|
||
\key{{\bf end} keyboard macro definition}{C-x )}
|
||
\key{{\bf execute} last-defined keyboard macro}{C-x e}
|
||
\key{append to last keyboard macro}{C-u C-x (}
|
||
\metax{name last keyboard macro}{M-x name-last-kbd-macro}
|
||
\metax{insert lisp definition in buffer}{M-x insert-kbd-macro}
|
||
|
||
\section{Commands Dealing with Emacs Lisp}
|
||
|
||
\key{eval {\bf sexp} before point}{C-x C-e}
|
||
\key{eval current {\bf defun}}{C-M-x}
|
||
\metax{eval {\bf region}}{M-x eval-region}
|
||
\metax{eval entire {\bf buffer}}{M-x eval-current-buffer}
|
||
\key{read and eval minibuffer}{M-ESC}
|
||
\key{re-execute last minibuffer command}{C-x ESC}
|
||
\metax{read and eval Emacs Lisp file}{M-x load-file}
|
||
\metax{load from standard system directory}{M-x load-library}
|
||
|
||
\section{Simple Customization}
|
||
|
||
% The intended audience here is the person who wants to make simple
|
||
% customizations and knows Lisp syntax.
|
||
|
||
Here are some examples of binding global keys in Emacs Lisp. Note
|
||
that you cannot say \kbd{"\\M-\#"}; you must say \kbd{"\\e\#"}.
|
||
|
||
\beginexample%
|
||
(global-set-key "\\C-cg" 'goto-line)
|
||
(global-set-key "\\e\\C-r" 'isearch-backward-regexp)
|
||
(global-set-key "\\e\#" 'query-replace-regexp)
|
||
\endexample
|
||
|
||
An example of setting a variable in Emacs Lisp:
|
||
|
||
\beginexample%
|
||
(setq backup-by-copying-when-linked t)
|
||
\endexample
|
||
|
||
\section{Writing Commands}
|
||
|
||
\beginexample%
|
||
(defun \<command-name> (\<args>)
|
||
"\<documentation>"
|
||
(interactive "\<template>")
|
||
\<body>)
|
||
\endexample
|
||
|
||
An example:
|
||
|
||
\beginexample%
|
||
(defun this-line-to-top-of-screen (line)
|
||
"Reposition line point is on to the top of
|
||
the screen. With ARG, put point on line ARG.
|
||
Negative counts from bottom."
|
||
(interactive "P")
|
||
(recenter (if (null line)
|
||
0
|
||
(prefix-numeric-value line))))
|
||
\endexample
|
||
|
||
The argument to \kbd{interactive} is a string specifying how to get
|
||
the arguments when the function is called interactively.
|
||
Type \kbd{C-h f interactive} for more information.
|
||
|
||
\copyrightnotice
|
||
|
||
\bye
|
||
|
||
% Local variables:
|
||
% compile-command: "tex refcard"
|
||
% End:
|