534 lines
13 KiB
HTML
534 lines
13 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 -->
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<!-- Copyright (c) 2001 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved -->
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<title>Directory Structure and Devices</title>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="white">
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<basefont size="3"> <!--header start-->
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<center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>
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IEEE Std 1003.1-2001<br>
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Copyright © 2001 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center>
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<!--header end-->
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<hr size="2" noshade>
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<h2><a name="tag_10"></a>Directory Structure and Devices</h2>
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<h3><a name="tag_10_01"></a>Directory Structure and Files</h3>
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<p>The following directories shall exist on conforming systems and conforming applications shall make use of them only as
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described. Strictly conforming applications shall not assume the ability to create files in any of these directories, unless
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specified below.</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><b>/</b></dt>
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<dd>The root directory.</dd>
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<dt><b>/dev</b></dt>
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<dd>Contains <b>/dev/console</b>, <b>/dev/null</b>, and <b>/dev/tty</b>, described below.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The following directory shall exist on conforming systems and shall be used as described:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><b>/tmp</b></dt>
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<dd>A directory made available for applications that need a place to create temporary files. Applications shall be allowed to
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create files in this directory, but shall not assume that such files are preserved between invocations of the application.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The following files shall exist on conforming systems and shall be both readable and writable:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><b>/dev/null</b></dt>
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<dd>An infinite data source and data sink. Data written to <b>/dev/null</b> shall be discarded. Reads from <b>/dev/null</b> shall
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always return end-of-file (EOF).</dd>
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<dt><b>/dev/tty</b></dt>
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<dd>In each process, a synonym for the controlling terminal associated with the process group of that process, if any. It is useful
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for programs or shell procedures that wish to be sure of writing messages to or reading data from the terminal no matter how output
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has been redirected. It can also be used for applications that demand the name of a file for output, when typed output is desired
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and it is tiresome to find out what terminal is currently in use.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The following file shall exist on conforming systems and need not be readable or writable:</p>
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<dl compact>
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<dt><b>/dev/console</b></dt>
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<dd>The <b>/dev/console</b> file is a generic name given to the system console (see <a href="xbd_chap03.html#tag_03_382"><i>System
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Console</i></a> ). It is usually linked to an implementation-defined special file. It shall provide an interface to the system
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console conforming to the requirements of the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href=
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"../basedefs/xbd_chap11.html#tag_11">Chapter 11, General Terminal Interface</a>.</dd>
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</dl>
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<h3><a name="tag_10_02"></a>Output Devices and Terminal Types</h3>
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<p>The utilities in the Shell and Utilities volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 historically have been implemented on a wide
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range of terminal types, but a conforming implementation need not support all features of all utilities on every conceivable
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terminal. IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 states which features are optional for certain classes of terminals in the individual
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utility description sections. The implementation shall document which terminal types it supports and which of these features and
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utilities are not supported by each terminal.</p>
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<p>When a feature or utility is not supported on a specific terminal type, as allowed by IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, and the
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implementation considers such a condition to be an error preventing use of the feature or utility, the implementation shall
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indicate such conditions through diagnostic messages or exit status values or both (as appropriate to the specific utility
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description) that inform the user that the terminal type lacks the appropriate capability.</p>
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<p>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 uses a notational convention based on historical practice that identifies some of the control
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characters defined in <a href="xbd_chap07.html#tag_07_03_01"><i>LC_CTYPE</i></a> in a manner easily remembered by users on many
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terminals. The correspondence between this " <control>- <i>char</i>" notation and the actual control characters is shown in
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the following table. When IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 refers to a character by its <control>- <i>name</i>, it is referring
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to the actual control character shown in the Value column of the table, which is not necessarily the exact control key sequence on
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all terminals. Some terminals have keyboards that do not allow the direct transmission of all the non-alphanumeric characters
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shown. In such cases, the system documentation shall describe which data sequences transmitted by the terminal are interpreted by
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the system as representing the special characters.<br>
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</p>
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<center><b><a name="tagtcjh_6"></a> Table: Control Character Names</b></center>
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<center>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="3" align="center">
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<tr valign="top">
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<th align="center">
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<p class="tent"><b>Name</b></p>
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</th>
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<th align="center">
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<p class="tent"><b>Value</b></p>
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</th>
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<th align="center">
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<p class="tent"><b>Symbolic Name</b></p>
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</th>
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<th align="left">
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<p class="tent">Name</p>
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</th>
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<th align="center">
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<p class="tent"><b>Value</b></p>
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</th>
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<th align="center">
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<p class="tent"><b>Symbolic Name</b></p>
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</th>
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<th align="center">
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<p class="tent"><b> </b></p>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-A</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><SOH></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><SOH></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-Q</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><DC1></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><DC1></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-B</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><STX></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><STX></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-R</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><DC2></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><DC2></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-C</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><ETX></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><ETX></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-S</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><DC3></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><DC3></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-D</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><EOT></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><EOT></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-T</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><DC4></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><DC4></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-E</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><ENQ></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><ENQ></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-U</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><NAK></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><NAK></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-F</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><ACK></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><ACK></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-V</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><SYN></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><SYN></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-G</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><BEL></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><alert></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-W</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><ETB></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><ETB></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-H</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><BS></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><backspace></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-X</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><CAN></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><CAN></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-I</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><HT></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><tab></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-Y</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><EM></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><EM></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-J</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><LF></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><linefeed></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-Z</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><SUB></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><SUB></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-K</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><VT></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><vertical-tab></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-[</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><ESC></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><ESC></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-L</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><FF></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><form-feed></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-\</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><FS></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><FS></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-M</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><CR></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><carriage-return></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-]</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><GS></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><GS></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-N</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><SO></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><SO></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-^</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><RS></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><RS></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-O</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><SI></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><SI></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-_</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><US></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><US></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr valign="top">
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-P</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><DLE></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><DLE></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><control>-?</p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><DEL></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"><DEL></p>
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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<p class="tent"> </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</center>
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<basefont size="2">
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<dl>
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<dt><b>Note:</b></dt>
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<dd>The notation uses uppercase letters for arbitrary editorial reasons. There is no implication that the keystrokes represent
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control-shift-letter sequences.</dd>
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</dl>
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<basefont size="3">
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<hr size="2" noshade>
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<center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->
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