feat: 新增技能扩展N8一章相关示例源码

code/newsletter/N8/typehints.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# basis"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## built-in types"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "name: str = \"100gle\"\n",
+    "age: int = 18\n",
+    "salary: float = 3.1415926\n",
+    "is_male: bool = True"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## container types"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "from typing import List, Tuple, Dict, Set"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "numbers: List[int] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",
+    "auth: Tuple[str] = (\"username\", \"password\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "data: Dict[str, str] = dict(\n",
+    "    name=\"100gle\",\n",
+    "    site=\"https://sspai.com/u/100gle/updates\",\n",
+    ")\n",
+    "alphabet: Set[str] = set('abcde')\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "['Hello', 'world!']"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 5,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "def concat(data: List[str], sep: str = \" \") -> str:\n",
+    "    return sep.join(data)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def split(s: str, sep: str = \" \") -> List[str]:\n",
+    "    return s.split(sep)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "s = concat(data=[\"Hello\", \"world!\"], sep=\",\")\n",
+    "split(s, sep=\",\")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Advanced "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Union type"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "[1, ('str',), False]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 6,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from typing import Union\n",
+    "\n",
+    "container: List[Union[bool, int, Tuple[str]]] = [1, tuple([\"str\"]), False]\n",
+    "container"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "[1, ('str',), False]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "MyUnionType = Union[bool, int, Tuple[str]]\n",
+    "container: List[MyUnionType] = [1, tuple([\"str\"]), False]\n",
+    "container"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Optional type"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Hello, world!\n",
+      "Hello, 100gle\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from typing import Optional\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def greet(name: Optional[str] = None) -> str:\n",
+    "    if not name:\n",
+    "        return \"Hello, world!\"\n",
+    "    return f\"Hello, {name}\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(greet())\n",
+    "print(greet(\"100gle\"))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Any and Generic type"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "1\n",
+      "[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",
+      "<object object at 0x110f2cbb0>\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from typing import Any\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def echo(val: Any) -> None:\n",
+    "    print(f\"{val}\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "echo(1)\n",
+    "echo([1,2,3,4])\n",
+    "echo(object())"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "1\n",
+      "[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",
+      "<object object at 0x110f2cc50>\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from typing import TypeVar\n",
+    "\n",
+    "T = TypeVar(\"T\", str, bytes)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def echo(val: T) -> None:\n",
+    "    print(f\"{val}\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "echo(1)\n",
+    "echo([1,2,3,4])\n",
+    "echo(object())"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Foo\n",
+      "[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",
+      "<object object at 0x110f2cb80>\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from typing import TypeVar\n",
+    "\n",
+    "T = TypeVar(\"T\", bound=str)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def echo(val: T) -> None:\n",
+    "    print(f\"{val}\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "echo(\"Foo\")\n",
+    "echo([1,2,3,4])\n",
+    "echo(object())"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Callable Type"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Start calling foo...\n",
+      "foo\n",
+      "Ending foo...\n",
+      "Start calling bar...\n",
+      "bar\n",
+      "Ending bar...\n",
+      "Start calling baz...\n",
+      "baz\n",
+      "Ending baz...\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from typing import Callable\n",
+    "from functools import wraps\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def logger(func: Callable):\n",
+    "    @wraps(func)\n",
+    "    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):\n",
+    "        print(f\"Start calling {func.__name__}...\")\n",
+    "        result = func(*args, **kwargs)\n",
+    "        print(f\"Ending {func.__name__}...\")\n",
+    "        return result\n",
+    "    return wrapper\n",
+    "\n",
+    "@logger\n",
+    "def foo():\n",
+    "    print(\"foo\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "@logger\n",
+    "def bar():\n",
+    "    print(\"bar\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "@logger\n",
+    "def baz():\n",
+    "    print(\"baz\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "funcs = [foo, bar, baz]\n",
+    "for func in funcs:\n",
+    "    func()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "proxying for add...\n",
+      "3\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from typing import Callable, TypeVar, Union\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Number = Union[int, float]\n",
+    "T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def proxy(func: Callable[[int, float], T], *args, **kwargs):\n",
+    "    print(f\"proxying for {func.__name__}...\")\n",
+    "    return func(*args, **kwargs)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def add(x: Number, y: Number) -> Number:\n",
+    "    return x + y\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(proxy(add, 1, 2))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Start calling foo...\n",
+      "foo\n",
+      "Ending foo...\n",
+      "Start calling bar...\n",
+      "bar\n",
+      "Ending bar...\n",
+      "Start calling baz...\n",
+      "baz\n",
+      "Ending baz...\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from typing import Callable, TypeVar\n",
+    "from functools import wraps\n",
+    "\n",
+    "T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def logger(func: Callable[..., T]) -> Callable[..., T]:\n",
+    "    @wraps(func)\n",
+    "    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):\n",
+    "        print(f\"Start calling {func.__name__}...\")\n",
+    "        result = func(*args, **kwargs)\n",
+    "        print(f\"Ending {func.__name__}...\")\n",
+    "        return result\n",
+    "    return wrapper\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "@logger\n",
+    "def foo():\n",
+    "    print(\"foo\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "@logger\n",
+    "def bar():\n",
+    "    print(\"bar\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "@logger\n",
+    "def baz():\n",
+    "    print(\"baz\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "funcs = [foo, bar, baz]\n",
+    "for func in funcs:\n",
+    "    func()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3.10.4 64-bit",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.10.4"
+  },
+  "orig_nbformat": 4,
+  "vscode": {
+   "interpreter": {
+    "hash": "aee8b7b246df8f9039afb4144a1f6fd8d2ca17a180786b69acc140d282b71a49"
+   }
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}