lostecho/everyone-can-use-english
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

keep updated

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
xiaolai
2024-03-29 14:48:35 +08:00
parent df1d10b142
commit 3f56981b3a
1 changed files with 8 additions and 8 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

16
1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.3-ʌ.md
View File

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
# 2.1.3. `ʌ/ɑː/ar`
# 2.1.3. `ʌ/ɑː/aːr`
从唇形上来看，`ʌ` 的唇形最小，`ɑr` 的唇形最大。
从唇形上来看，`ʌ` 的唇形最小，`ɑːr` 的唇形最大。
In terms of mouth shape, the vowel sound `ʌ` requires the lips to be the most closed, while the vowel sound `ɑr` requires the lips to be the most open.
In terms of mouth shape, the vowel sound `ʌ` requires the lips to be the most closed, while the vowel sound `ɑːr` requires the lips to be the most open.
![mouth shape of ʌ/ɑ](/images/vowels-mouth-ʌ-ɑ.svg)
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ The American pronunciation of `ʌ` is actually quite similar to `ə`. For instan
They even go a step further, simplifying many unstressed vowel sounds to `ə`, which is particularly referred to as a *schwa*. So, the word *encourage* is pronounced differently by Brits and Americans. Brits say `/ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/encourage-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/encourage-uk-female.mp3"></span>, while Americans pronounce it as `/ɪnˈkɝːədʒ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/encourage-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/encourage-us-female.mp3"></span>. In this case, not only is `ʌ` pronounced as `ə`, but the `ɪ` also turns into a *schwa*, `ə`...
在美式英语中，长元音 `/ɑː/` 常常会被儿化 —— 加上一个卷舌音 `r`，所以很多美式词典干脆用 `ɑr` 标注（包括 CEPD）。比如，*card* `/kɑrd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/card-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/card-us-female.mp3"></span>, *mark* `/mɑrk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/mark-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/mark-us-female.mp3"></span>。
在美式英语中，长元音 `/ɑː/` 常常会被儿化 —— 加上一个卷舌音 `r`，所以很多美式词典干脆用 `ɑr` 标注（包括 CEPD）。比如，*card* `/kɑːrd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/card-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/card-us-female.mp3"></span>, *mark* `/mɑːrk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/mark-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/mark-us-female.mp3"></span>。
The long vowel `/ɑː/` is often *rhotacized* - meaning it is followed by a `r` sound, which leads to many American Dictionaries replacing `ɑː` with `ɑr`, including CEPD. For example, *card* is pronounced as `/kɑrd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/card-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/card-us-female.mp3"></span>, and *mark* as `/mɑrk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/mark-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/mark-us-female.mp3"></span>.
The long vowel `/ɑː/` is often *rhotacized* - meaning it is followed by a `r` sound, which leads to many American Dictionaries replacing `ɑː` with `ɑr`, including CEPD. For example, *card* is pronounced as `/kɑːrd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/card-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/card-us-female.mp3"></span>, and *mark* as `/mɑːrk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/mark-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/mark-us-female.mp3"></span>.
在英音中，长元音 `ɑː` 对应的短元音是 `ʌ`。但，在美音中，长元音 `ɑr` 对应的更短版本是 `ɑː` —— 不要被这个长元音符号迷惑了，它实际上对应的是英音中的短元音 `ɒ`，只不过相对略长一些。比如，*hot*, 英音是 `/hɒt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/hot-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/hot-uk-female.mp3"></span>，美音是 `/hɑːt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hot-us-female.mp3"></span>。
在英音中，长元音 `ɑː` 对应的短元音是 `ʌ`。但，在美音中，长元音 `ɑːr` 对应的更短版本是 `ɑː` —— 不要被这个长元音符号迷惑了，它实际上对应的是英音中的短元音 `ɒ`，只不过相对略长一些。比如，*hot*, 英音是 `/hɒt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/hot-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/hot-uk-female.mp3"></span>，美音是 `/hɑːt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hot-us-female.mp3"></span>。
In British English, the short vowel matching the long vowel `ɑː` is `ʌ`. However, in American English, the short vowel corresponding to the long vowel `ɑr` is `ɑː`, which is actually similar to the British short vowel `ɒ`, yet a little bit longer - don't be misled by the long vowel sign `ː` following `ɑ`. For instance, the word *hot* is pronounced `/hɒt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/us/hot-uk-male.mp3" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/us/hot-uk-female.mp3"></span>in British English and `/hɑːt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hot-us-female.mp3"></span>in American English.
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ In American English, the British `ɑː` sound is pronounced as `æ`. The most co
总结一下，这也是美音比较特殊的地方：
> `ʌ` 相当于有三个版本 —— 短元音 `ʌ`（*but* `/bʌt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/but-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/but-us-female.mp3"></span>），半长元音 `ɑː`（*hot* `/hɑːt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hot-us-female.mp3"></span>）和儿化的长元音 `ɑr`（*card* `/kɑːrd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/card-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/card-us-female.mp3"></span>）。
> `ʌ` 相当于有三个版本 —— 短元音 `ʌ`（*but* `/bʌt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/but-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/but-us-female.mp3"></span>），半长元音 `ɑː`（*hot* `/hɑːt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hot-us-female.mp3"></span>）和儿化的长元音 `ɑːr`（*card* `/kɑːrd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/card-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/card-us-female.mp3"></span>）。
To sum up, it's an interesting feature of American English:
> The sound `ʌ` actually has three versions. You've got the short vowel `ʌ` as in *but* `/bʌt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/but-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/but-us-female.mp3"></span>, the semi-long vowel `ɑː` as in *hot* `/hɑːt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hot-us-female.mp3"></span>, and the rhotacized long vowel `ɑr` as in *card* `/kɑːrd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/card-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/card-us-female.mp3"></span>.
> The sound `ʌ` actually has three versions. You've got the short vowel `ʌ` as in *but* `/bʌt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/but-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/but-us-female.mp3"></span>, the semi-long vowel `ɑː` as in *hot* `/hɑːt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hot-us-female.mp3"></span>, and the rhotacized long vowel `ɑːr` as in *card* `/kɑːrd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/card-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/card-us-female.mp3"></span>.