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08-19-1558, chapter 3.2.11

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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.7-ʃʒ.md
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# 2.2.8. <span class="pho">ʃ/ʒ</span>
# 3.2.7. <span class="pho">ʃ/ʒ</span>
<span class="pho">ʃ</span> 对很多人来说也许难度并不大，然而，<span class="pho">ʒ</span> 却可能非常难。再一次，关键在于发声时舌尖的起始位置 —— 即，位置 ③（参见 [1.4](1.4-articulators)）
## 3.2.7.1. 示例
The pronunciation of <span class="pho">ʃ</span> may not pose much of a challenge for many people, yet <span class="pho">ʒ</span> can be extremely tough. Once again, the key lies in the initial position of the tongue tip when making the sound, i.e. position ③ (as described in [1.4](1.4-articulators)).
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><strong>British</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>American</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>D.J.</td>
<td>例词（Example）</td>
<td>IPA</td>
<td>例词（Example）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="pho">ʃ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_she_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td><b>sh</b>ore <span class="pho alt">ʃɔːr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/shore-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/shore-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
<td><span class="pho">ʃ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_she_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td><b>sh</b>ore <span class="pho alt">ʃɔːr</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/shore-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/shore-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="pho">ʒ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_vision_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td>vi<b>s</b>ion <span class="pho alt">ˈvɪʒ.ən</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/vision-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/vision-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
<td><span class="pho">ʒ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_vision_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
<td>vi<b>s</b>ion <span class="pho alt">ˈvɪʒ.ən</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/vision-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/vision-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
![articulator-tongue-tip-sh](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-sh.svg)
## 3.2.7.2. 舌尖起始位置
比较一下以下的辅音：
再一次，关键在于发声时舌尖的起始位置，龈脊附近 —— 即，位置 ③。
Let's compare following consonants:
<span class="pho">ʃ</span> 和 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 都是舌尖起始位置**接近但没有接触**龈脊（位置 ③）。
> * <span class="pho">t/d</span> 的舌尖起始位置时贴在龈脊的前部 ③；
> * For <span class="pho">t/d</span>, the tongue tip begins at the front part of *alveolar ridge* ③;
> * <span class="pho">s/z</span> 要相对于 <span class="pho">t/d</span> 往前一些，贴近但没有接触到牙齿和牙龈的接缝处 ②；
> * For <span class="pho">s/z</span>, it's closer to the front compared to <span class="pho">t/d</span>, near but not touching the *seam* between the teeth and gums ②;
> * <span class="pho">θ/ð</span> 要相对于 <span class="pho">s/z</span>再往前一些，贴在牙齿上，或者伸出牙齿一点点 ①；
> * For <span class="pho">θ/ð</span>, it's even more forward than <span class="pho">s/z</span>, resting on the *teeth*, or protruding a bit ①;
> * <span class="pho">ʃ/ʒ</span> 和 <span class="pho">t/d</span> 一样，贴近但没有接触到龈脊的那个部位 ③；
> * For <span class="pho">ʃ/ʒ</span>, it's almost same as <span class="pho">t/d</span>, near but not touching the part of the *alveolar ridge* ③;
> * <span class="pho">r</span> 相对于 <span class="pho">ʃ/ʒ</span> 还要再往后一点，贴在龈脊的那个部位 ④……
> * For <span class="pho">r</span>, it's further back than <span class="pho">ʃ/ʒ</span>, touching the part of the *alveolar ridge* ④...
<span class="pho">ʃ</span> 对很多人来说也许难度并不大，因为 <span class="pho">ʃ</span> 的舌尖起始位置其实和汉语拼音的 <span class="pho">[sh]</span> 是一样的。
![articulator-tongue-tip-positions](/images/articulator-tongue-tip-positions.svg)
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><img src="/images/articulator-tongue-tip-positions.svg"></img></td>
<td><img src="/images/articulator-tongue-tip-sh.svg"></img></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
除了英语之外，大多语言里没有 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 这个辅音。即便是在英语里，含有这个辅音的词汇也很少，常见的不过几十个而已。
然而，<span class="pho">ʒ</span> 却可能非常难 —— 虽然它其实只不过是 <span class="pho">ʃ</span> 这个清辅音的浊辅音版本。舌尖起始位置相同，清辅音 <span class="pho">ʃ</span> 没有声带振动，而浊辅音 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 有声带振动。
Apart from English, most languages do not have the <span class="pho">ʒ</span> consonant. Even in English, there are only a handful of words that contain this sound.
中国学生会不由自主地用 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 替代 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> —— 因为 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 是一个他们熟悉的辅音，相当于中文拼音中的 <span class="pho">zh</span>。<span class="pho">ʒ</span> 和 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 的区别在于，<span class="pho">ʒ</span> 发声时舌尖贴近但没有接触到龈脊；而 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 发声时起始的舌尖贴在龈脊（与 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 同一个位置 ③）。
Chinese students tend to instinctively substitute <span class="pho">ʒ</span> with <span class="pho">dʒ</span> - a consonant they're familiar with, equivalent to the <span class="pho">zh</span> in Chinese Pinyin. The difference between <span class="pho">ʒ</span> and <span class="pho">dʒ</span> is that, when pronouncing <span class="pho">ʒ</span>, the tip of the tongue is close to but not touching the the *alveolar ridge* while for <span class="pho">dʒ</span>, the tongue tip starts at the the *alveolar ridge* (same position as <span class="pho">ʒ</span> ③).
除了英语之外，大多语言里没有 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 这个辅音。即便是在英语里，含有这个辅音的词汇也很少，常见的不过几十个而已。中国学生会不由自主地用 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 替代 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> —— 因为 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 是一个他们熟悉的辅音，相当于中文拼音中的 <span class="pho">zh</span>。<span class="pho">ʒ</span> 和 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 的区别在于，<span class="pho">ʒ</span> 发声时**舌尖贴近但没有接触到龈脊**；而 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 发声时起始的舌尖贴在龈脊（与 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 同一个位置 ③）。
少数人知道 <span class="pho">dʒ</span> 替代 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 不是一回事，但，由于舌尖起始位置并不准确，所以他们说出来的 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> 听起来更接近 <span class="pho">r</span> —— 舌尖缩得过头了 —— <span class="pho">r</span> ④ 发声时舌尖起始位置相对于 <span class="pho">ʒ</span> ③ 要更靠后一点。
A few understand that substituting <span class="pho">dʒ</span> for <span class="pho">ʒ</span> isn't accurate. However, because their tongue tip positioning isn't precise, their <span class="pho">ʒ</span> sound often ends up sounding more like <span class="pho">r</span> - they retract their tongue tip too far - <span class="pho">r</span> ④ is pronounced with the tongue tip further back compared to <span class="pho">ʒ</span> ③ .
## 拼写（Spellings）
## 3.2.7.3. 拼写（Spellings）
### <span class="pho">ʃ</span>