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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.3-td.md

@@ -21,3 +21,16 @@ Additionally, just as the `p` and `b` sound naturally carries a slight `ʊ` soun
 在中文拼音里，`i` 在 `t/d` 之后相当于英文音标中的 `i`；在 `z/c/s` 之后的 `i` 才会读成 `ɤ`…… 所以，依据母语的习惯，中国人习惯于将 `t(ɤ)` 读作 `tə`，将 `d(ɤ)` 读作 `də`。需要为此专门建立一个新习惯。
 
 In the Chinese phonetic system, `i` following `t/d` is similar to `i` in English phonetic notation. Meanwhile, `i` after `z/c/s` is pronounced as `ɤ`. So, according to the habits of their native language, Chinese speakers tend to pronounce `t(ɤ)` as `tə`, and `d(ɤ)` as `də`. This calls for establishing a new habit.
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+`t` 这个音素，也许是英文语音里最复杂的一个 —— 当然也是最常用的一个。美式英语中，`t` 的变体（allophone）至少有四个：
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+The `t` sound may be the most complex in American English pronunciation — and certainly one of the most frequently used. In American English, at least four variations, or allophones, of `t` exist:
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+> * 正常音 `t` - 只有 `t` 处于重音音节开头的时候才被正常读出，比如，*take* `/teɪk/`；
+> * Standard `t` - This is the typical pronunciation, only used when `t` begins a stressed syllable, as in *take* `/teɪk/`.
+> * 弹舌音 `t̬` - 夹在两个元音中间的 `t` 会变成接近 `d` 的弹舌音 `t̬`，比如，*water* `/ˈwɔt̬ɚ/`；
+> * Flapped `t̬`: When `t` is situated between two vowels, it tends to be flapped `t̬`, sounding like `d`, as in water `/ˈwɔt̬ɚ/`.
+> * 喉塞音 `ʔ` - `n` 之前的 `t` 有可能变成喉塞音 `ʔ`，比如，*fitness* `/ˈfɪʔnəs/`；
+> * Glottal Stop `ʔ` - The `t` before `n` might transform into a glottal stop, as in fitness `/ˈfɪʔnəs/`.
+> * 省略音 `·` - `n` 之后的 `t` 可能会被省略掉，比如，*winter* `/ˈwɪn·ər/`……
+> * Dropped `·` - The `t` following `n` might be omitted, as in winter `/ˈwɪn·ər/`...