08-21-2332, chapter 4.5-sentences

1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.5-sentences.md

@@ -34,57 +34,61 @@
 > [!Note]
 > 这个列表不能当作**硬规则**使用，不是所有的虚词都必须被弱读；也不是所有的实词都必须被强读 —— 根据情况，这些词在自然语流中也有被强读的时候。
 
+<div class="two-column">
+
 > * a: <span class="pho alt">eɪ</span> → <span class="pho alt">ə</span>
 > * am: <span class="pho alt">æm</span> → <span class="pho alt">əm, m</span>
 > * an: <span class="pho alt">æn</span> → <span class="pho alt">ən, n</span>
 > * and: <span class="pho alt">ænd</span> → <span class="pho alt">ənd, nd, ən, n</span>
-> * any: <span class="pho alt">'eni</span> → <span class="pho alt">ni</span>
-> * are: <span class="pho">/ɑ/:</span> → <span class="pho alt">ə</span>
-> * as: <span class="pho alt">æs</span> → <span class="pho alt">əz</span>
-> * at: <span class="pho alt">æt</span> → <span class="pho alt">ət</span>
-> * but: <span class="pho alt">bʌt</span> → <span class="pho alt">bət</span>
+> * any: <span class="pho alt">'eni</span> → <span class="pho alt">əni</span>
+> * are: <span class="pho">ɑ:r</span> → <span class="pho alt">ɑr, ɑ, ə</span>
+> * as: <span class="pho alt">æz</span> → <span class="pho alt">əz</span>
+> * at: <span class="pho alt">æt</span> → <span class="pho alt">ət, ə</span>
+> * but: <span class="pho alt">bʌt</span> → <span class="pho alt">bət, bə</span>
 > * can: <span class="pho alt">kæn</span> → <span class="pho alt">kən, kn, kŋ</span>
-> * could: <span class="pho alt">kud</span> → <span class="pho alt">kəd, kd</span>
+> * could: <span class="pho alt">kʊd</span> → <span class="pho alt">kəd, kd</span>
 > * do: <span class="pho alt">duː</span> → <span class="pho alt">du, də, d</span>
 > * does: <span class="pho alt">dʌz</span> → <span class="pho alt">dəz</span>
-> * for: <span class="pho alt">fɔː</span> → <span class="pho alt">fə, f</span>
-> * from: <span class="pho alt">frɔm</span> → <span class="pho alt">frəm, frm</span>
+> * for: <span class="pho alt">fɔːr</span> → <span class="pho alt">fɚ, fə, f</span>
+> * from: <span class="pho alt">frɒm</span> → <span class="pho alt">frəm, frm</span>
 > * had: <span class="pho alt">hæd</span> → <span class="pho alt">həd, əd, d</span>
 > * has: <span class="pho alt">hæz</span> → <span class="pho alt">həz, əz</span>
 > * have: <span class="pho alt">hæv</span> → <span class="pho alt">həv, həf, əv, əf</span>
 > * he: <span class="pho alt">hiː</span> → <span class="pho alt">hi, iː, i</span>
-> * her: <span class="pho alt">həː</span> → <span class="pho alt">hə, əː, ə</span>
-> * him: <span class="pho alt">him</span> → <span class="pho alt">im</span>
-> * his: <span class="pho alt">hiz</span> → <span class="pho alt">iz</span>
-> * I: <span class="pho alt">ai</span> → <span class="pho alt">aː, ə</span>
-> * is: <span class="pho alt">iz</span> → <span class="pho alt">s, z</span>
-> * many: <span class="pho alt">'meni</span> → <span class="pho alt">mni</span>
+> * her: <span class="pho alt">hɝː</span> → <span class="pho alt">hɚ, ɚ, ə</span>
+> * him: <span class="pho alt">hɪm</span> → <span class="pho alt">im</span>
+> * his: <span class="pho alt">hɪz</span> → <span class="pho alt">iz</span>
+> * I: <span class="pho alt">ai</span> → <span class="pho alt">ɑː, ɑ, ə</span>
+> * is: <span class="pho alt">ɪz</span> → <span class="pho alt">əz, s, z</span>
+> * many: <span class="pho alt">'meni</span> → <span class="pho alt">məni</span>
 > * me: <span class="pho alt">miː</span> → <span class="pho alt">mi</span>
 > * must: <span class="pho alt">mʌst</span> → <span class="pho alt">məst, məs</span>
 > * my: <span class="pho alt">mai</span> → <span class="pho alt">mi</span>
-> * of: <span class="pho alt">əv</span> → <span class="pho alt">əv, v, f, ə</span>
-> * our: <span class="pho alt">ɑʊɚ</span> → <span class="pho">/ɑr</span> ⭢ <span class="pho">ɑ/</span>
-> * shall: <span class="pho alt">ʃæl</span> → <span class="pho alt">ʃəl, ʃl</span>
+> * of: <span class="pho alt">əv</span> → <span class="pho alt">əf, v, f</span>
+> * our: <span class="pho alt">ɑʊɚ</span> → <span class="pho">ɑr</span> ⭢ <span class="pho">ɑ/</span>
+> * shall: <span class="pho alt">ʃæl</span> → <span class="pho alt">ʃəl</span>
 > * she: <span class="pho alt">ʃiː</span> → <span class="pho alt">ʃi</span>
-> * should: <span class="pho alt">ʃud</span> → <span class="pho alt">ʃəd, ʃd, ʃt</span>
-> * so: <span class="pho alt">səʊ</span> → <span class="pho alt">sə</span>
+> * should: <span class="pho alt">ʃʊd</span> → <span class="pho alt">ʃəd, ʃd, ʃt</span>
+> * so: <span class="pho alt">soʊ</span> → <span class="pho alt">sə</span>
 > * some: <span class="pho alt">sʌm</span> → <span class="pho alt">səm, sm</span>
 > * such: <span class="pho alt">sʌʧ</span> → <span class="pho alt">səʧ</span>
 > * than: <span class="pho alt">ðæn</span> → <span class="pho alt">ðən, ðn</span>
 > * that: <span class="pho alt">ðæt</span> → <span class="pho alt">ðət</span>
-> * the: <span class="pho">/ði/:</span> → <span class="pho alt">ði, ðə</span>
+> * the: <span class="pho">ðə/ði</span> → <span class="pho alt">ð</span>
 > * them: <span class="pho alt">ðem</span> → <span class="pho alt">ðəm, ðm, əm, m</span>
 > * then: <span class="pho alt">ðen</span> → <span class="pho alt">ðən</span>
 > * to: <span class="pho alt">tuː</span> → <span class="pho alt">tu, tə, t</span>
 > * us: <span class="pho alt">us</span> → <span class="pho alt">əs</span>
-> * was: <span class="pho alt">wɔz</span> → <span class="pho alt">wəz, wə</span>
+> * was: <span class="pho alt">wɑːz</span> → <span class="pho alt">wəz, wə</span>
 > * we: <span class="pho alt">wiː</span> → <span class="pho alt">wi</span>
-> * were: <span class="pho alt">wəː</span> → <span class="pho alt">wə</span>
+> * were: <span class="pho alt">wɝː</span> → <span class="pho alt">wɚ, wə</span>
 > * when: <span class="pho alt">wen</span> → <span class="pho alt">wən</span>
-> * will: <span class="pho alt">wɪl</span> → <span class="pho">/əl, l</span>/
-> * would: <span class="pho alt">wuːd</span> → <span class="pho alt">wəd, əd</span>
+> * will: <span class="pho alt">wɪl</span> → <span class="pho">wəl, əl, l</span>
+> * would: <span class="pho alt">wuːd</span> → <span class="pho alt">wud</span>
 > * you: <span class="pho alt">juː</span> → <span class="pho alt">ju, jə</span>
 
+</div>
+
 ## 4.5.2. 强读词汇
 
 事实上，在自然语流中，讲话者经常调整强读（强调）的词汇，用来表达不同的含义。试比较以下同一个句子的 4 个版本[^1]，在不同的版本里，被强读的词汇不同：
@@ -130,4 +134,11 @@
 其实，哪怕在单独读某一个单词的时候，其中元音的长短都会受到重音重读的影响。比如，*city* 这个单词，重音在第一个音节上，而两处的元音是一样的：<span class="pho alt">ˈsɪ-t̬ɪ</span>；但是只要你把第一个音节读得足够重，自然而然就能感觉到**第一个音节**只能比**第二个音节**更长。
 
 [^1] 这个例子来自于 [Macquarie University](https://www.mq.edu.au/about/about-the-university/our-faculties/medicine-and-health-sciences/departments-and-centres/department-of-linguistics/our-research/phonetics-and-phonology/speech/phonetics-and-phonology/Intonation-tobi-introduction)
-[^2] 这个例子来自于 *Manual of American English Pronunciation*, 4th edition, by Clifford H. Prator, Jr. BettyWallaceRobinett, 1972
+[^2] 这个例子来自于 *Manual of American English Pronunciation*, 4th edition, by Clifford H. Prator, Jr. BettyWallaceRobinett, 1972
+
+<style>
+    .two-column ul {
+        column-count: 2 !important;
+        column-gap: 2em;
+    }
+</style>