lostecho/everyone-can-use-english
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

keep updated

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
xiaolai
2024-06-27 15:02:17 +08:00
parent a701719e44
commit 769b7ae2bb
4 changed files with 14 additions and 6 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

6
1000-hours/.vitepress/theme/style.scss
View File

@@ -218,3 +218,9 @@ body {
}
}
}
audio {
padding-left: 1em;
height: 1.8em;
margin-top: -0.2em;
}

4
1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.5-ə.md
View File

@@ -30,6 +30,6 @@ Moreover, when pronouncing the consonants <span class="pho">ʃ/ʒ</span> ([2.2.8
It should be noted, in American English pronunciation, the tongue tip *never* touches the teeth or the *alveolar ridge* when making the rhotacized <span class="pho">ɚ</span> or <span class="pho">ɝː</span> sound.
注意，在连贯的自然语音中，很多非重音音节的元音，都有被简化成 <span class="pho">ə</span>（*schwa*）的倾向，尤其是 <span class="pho">ɪ</span>。比如，*individual*, <span class="pho alt">ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl</span>，实际上会被读作 <span class="pho">ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/individual-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/individual-us-female.mp3"></span> —— <span class="pho">u</span> 也变成了 <span class="pho">ə</span>，而后 <span class="pho">u</span> 和 <span class="pho">ə</span> 之间有个加音 <span class="pho">w</span>…… 事实上，现在已经有很多词典干脆直接标注成了后者。
注意，在连贯的自然语音中，很多非重音音节的元音，都有被简化成 <span class="pho">ə</span>（*schwa*）的倾向，尤其是 <span class="pho">ɪ</span>。比如，*individual*, <span class="pho alt">ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl</span>，实际上会被读作 <span class="pho">ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəʷəl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/individual-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/individual-us-female.mp3"></span> —— <span class="pho">u</span> 也变成了 <span class="pho">ə</span>，而后 <span class="pho">u</span> 和 <span class="pho">ə</span> 之间有个加音 <span class="pho">ʷ</span>…… 事实上，现在已经有很多词典干脆直接标注成了后者。
Keep in mind that in fluent, natural speech, many unstressed vowel sounds in syllables are often simplified to <span class="pho">ə</span> (*schwa*), especially <span class="pho">ɪ</span>. For instance, *individual* <span class="pho alt">ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒjʊəl</span>, is often actually pronounced as <span class="pho alt">ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/individual-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/individual-us-female.mp3"></span> - <span class="pho">u</span> also becomes <span class="pho">ə</span>, and there's a added <span class="pho">w</span> sound between <span class="pho">u</span> and <span class="pho">ə</span>… In fact, many dictionaries now straightforwardly use the latter phonetic annotation.
Keep in mind that in fluent, natural speech, many unstressed vowel sounds in syllables are often simplified to <span class="pho">ə</span> (*schwa*), especially <span class="pho">ɪ</span>. For instance, *individual* <span class="pho alt">ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒjʊəl</span>, is often actually pronounced as <span class="pho alt">ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəʷəl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/individual-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/individual-us-female.mp3"></span> - <span class="pho">u</span> also becomes <span class="pho">ə</span>, and there's a added <span class="pho">ʷ</span> sound between <span class="pho">u</span> and <span class="pho">ə</span>… In fact, many dictionaries now straightforwardly use the latter phonetic annotation.

4
1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.7-u.md
View File

@@ -4,4 +4,6 @@
This pair of vowels is used in virtually every language on Earth, and it's used in almost exactly the same way, making it easy for everyone to pronounce. There's one detail worth noting: in English, the long vowel <span class="pho">uː</span> requires a smaller mouth shape than the short vowel <span class="pho">ʊ</span>, and lips should protrude slightly more. Try to compare *boot* <span class="pho alt">buːt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/boot-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/boot-us-female.mp3"></span>and *book* <span class="pho alt">bʊk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/book-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/book-us-female.mp3"></span>.
另外，在 CEPD 中，这个音在非重音音节时被标注为 <span class="pho">u</span>，之前见到过的例子是 *situation* <span class="pho alt">ˌsɪtʃ·uˈeɪ·ʃən</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/situation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/situation-us-female.mp3"></span>。
另外，在 CEPD 中，这个音在非重音音节时被标注为 <span class="pho">u</span>，之前见到过的例子是 *situation* <span class="pho alt">ˌsɪtʃ·uˈʷeɪ·ʃən</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/situation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/situation-us-female.mp3"></span>。
Additionally, in the Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (CEPD), when the sound occurs in an unstressed syllable, it is marked as <span class="pho">u</span>. For example, in the word situation, it's shown as <span class="pho alt">ˌsɪtʃ·uˈʷeɪ·ʃən</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/situation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/situation-us-female.mp3"></span>.

6
1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.3.2-stress.md
View File

@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ However, the word *individual*, which is composed of 5 syllables, would likely b
In English, in addition to primary stress, secondary stress, and unstressed syllables, we also have weakly pronounced syllables, like the schwa (<span class="pho">ə</span>) sound that occurs when syllables are reduced.
细细体会 *individual* <span class="pho alt">ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/individual-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/individual-us-female.mp3"></span> 这个词，如果每个音节都清晰地用同样的强度读出来的话，应该是 <span class="pho alt">ɪn-dɪ-vɪ-dʒju-əl</span>…… 这里面，第 2 个音节 <span class="pho alt">dɪ</span>里的元音 <span class="pho">ɪ</span> 被弱化为 <span class="pho">ə</span>；另外，第 4 个音节 <span class="pho alt">dʒu</span> 里的元音 <span class="pho">ju</span> 也被弱化成了 <span class="pho">ə</span>，但保留了 <span class="pho">u</span> 的音色；而处于音节末尾的 <span class="pho">l</span>，之前自带着轻微的 <span class="pho">ə</span>，于是连成了很轻的 <span class="pho">wᵊl</span>……
细细体会 *individual* <span class="pho alt">ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/individual-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/individual-us-female.mp3"></span> 这个词，如果每个音节都清晰地用同样的强度读出来的话，应该是 <span class="pho alt">ɪn-dɪ-vɪ-dʒju-əl</span>…… 这里面，第 2 个音节 <span class="pho alt">dɪ</span>里的元音 <span class="pho">ɪ</span> 被弱化为 <span class="pho">ə</span>；另外，第 4 个音节 <span class="pho alt">dʒu</span> 里的元音 <span class="pho">ju</span> 也被弱化成了 <span class="pho">ə</span>，但保留了 <span class="pho">u</span> 的音色；而处于音节末尾的 <span class="pho">l</span>，之前自带着轻微的 <span class="pho">ə</span>，于是连成了很轻的 <span class="pho">ʷᵊl</span>……
Let's dig deep into the word *individual*, for example, it's pronounced as <span class="pho alt">ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/individual-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/individual-us-female.mp3"></span>. If each syllable was placed equal stress, it would sound something like /ɪn-dɪ-vɪ-dʒju-əl/... Within this pronunciation, the vowel <span class="pho">ɪ</span> in the second syllable <span class="pho alt">dɪ</span> is reduced to the schwa sound, <span class="pho">ə</span>; likewise, the vowel <span class="pho">ju</span> in the fourth syllable <span class="pho alt">dʒu</span> is also reduced to <span class="pho">ə</span>, but retains the coloration of <span class="pho">u</span>. The <span class="pho">l</span> at the end of the syllable, which originally carries a slight <span class="pho">ə</span> sound, thus becomes a very light <span class="pho">wᵊl</span>...
Let's dig deep into the word *individual*, for example, it's pronounced as <span class="pho alt">ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/individual-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/individual-us-female.mp3"></span>. If each syllable was placed equal stress, it would sound something like /ɪn-dɪ-vɪ-dʒju-əl/... Within this pronunciation, the vowel <span class="pho">ɪ</span> in the second syllable <span class="pho alt">dɪ</span> is reduced to the schwa sound, <span class="pho">ə</span>; likewise, the vowel <span class="pho">ju</span> in the fourth syllable <span class="pho alt">dʒu</span> is also reduced to <span class="pho">ə</span>, but retains the coloration of <span class="pho">u</span>. The <span class="pho">l</span> at the end of the syllable, which originally carries a slight <span class="pho">ə</span> sound, thus becomes a very light <span class="pho">ʷᵊl</span>...
![5-syllables-individual](/images/5-syllables-individual.svg)
@@ -132,4 +132,4 @@ Let's practice the pronunciation of the following commonly used multi-syllable w
> * *vulnerable* <span class="pho alt">ˈvʌlnɚəbəl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/vulnerable-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/vulnerable-us-female.mp3"></span>
> * *wonderfully* <span class="pho alt">ˈwʌndɚfəli</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/wonderfully-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/wonderfully-us-female.mp3"></span>
[^1]: Sound files in this list come from [CEPD online edition](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/).
[^1]: Sound files in this list come from [CEPD online edition](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/).