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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1-vowels.md
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# 2.1. 元音（Vowels）
英文总计 6 个基础元音，分别是 `ʌ`、`e`、`ə`、`ɪ`、`ʊ`、`ɒ` —— 这 6 个短元音就好像是 “根” 一样。剩下的十几个元音要么是它们略有变化的更长版本，即，长元音 —— `ɑː, æ, ɝː, i, iː, uː, ɔː`；要么是它们的组合版本，即，双元音 —— `aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, aʊ, oʊ, er, ɪr, ʊr`。
英文总计 6 个基础元音，分别是 <span class="pho">ʌ</span>、<span class="pho">e</span>、<span class="pho">ə</span>、<span class="pho">ɪ</span>、<span class="pho">ʊ</span>、<span class="pho">ɒ</span> —— 这 6 个短元音就好像是 “根” 一样。剩下的十几个元音要么是它们略有变化的更长版本，即，长元音 —— <span class="pho">ɑː, æ, ɝː, i, iː, uː, ɔː</span>；要么是它们的组合版本，即，双元音 —— <span class="pho">aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, aʊ, oʊ, er, ɪr, ʊr</span>。
In English, there are 6 basic vowels: `ʌ`, `e`, `ə`, `ɪ`, `ʊ`, and `ɒ`. Think of these 6 short vowels like the *roots* of a tree. The remaining more than a dozen vowels are either slightly modified, longer versions of these - the *long* vowels, which are `ɑː, æ, ɝː, i, iː, uː, ɔː`; or, they are combinations of these basic sounds, known as *diphthongs* - `aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, aʊ, oʊ, er, ɪr, ʊr`.
In English, there are 6 basic vowels: <span class="pho">ʌ</span>, <span class="pho">e</span>, <span class="pho">ə</span>, <span class="pho">ɪ</span>, <span class="pho">ʊ</span>, and <span class="pho">ɒ</span>. Think of these 6 short vowels like the *roots* of a tree. The remaining more than a dozen vowels are either slightly modified, longer versions of these - the *long* vowels, which are <span class="pho">ɑː, æ, ɝː, i, iː, uː, ɔː</span>; or, they are combinations of these basic sounds, known as *diphthongs* - <span class="pho">aɪ, eɪ, ɔɪ, aʊ, oʊ, er, ɪr, ʊr</span>.
> 在英式英语中，`er, ɪr, ʊr` 这 3 个双元音分别读作 `eə, ɪə, ʊə`。
> 在英式英语中，<span class="pho">er, ɪr, ʊr</span> 这 3 个双元音分别读作 <span class="pho">eə, ɪə, ʊə</span>。
>
> In British English, the diphthongs `er, ɪr, ʊr`, which are pronounced respectively as `eər, ɪər, ʊər`, are annotated as `eə, ɪə, ʊə`.
> In British English, the diphthongs <span class="pho">er, ɪr, ʊr</span>, which are pronounced respectively as <span class="pho">eər, ɪər, ʊər</span>, are annotated as <span class="pho">eə, ɪə, ʊə</span>.
元音的关键在于它们的**长短**。搞错元音的长短，一方面可能会造成错误或者理解困难。更为重要的是另外一方面 —— 会造成**节奏**（[2.5.4](2.5.4-pace)）混乱。
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ The crux of vowels lies in their *duration*. If you mess up the length of vowels
Since diphthongs are composed of two basic vowels, their length is equivalent to that of long vowels. As a result, English syllables tend to be pronounced longer overall than in other languages, given that only 6 out of more than 20 vowels are short, while the remaining, more than double in quantity, are long. This is a rather noticeable difference, especially when compared to Asian languages, where vowels always have equal length, with no distinction between *long* and *short*.
另外，美式英语与英式英语有一个显著的不同。英式英语的元音只有长短之分，美式英语里，有些元音是半长元音，比如，`æ` 或者 `i`。
另外，美式英语与英式英语有一个显著的不同。英式英语的元音只有长短之分，美式英语里，有些元音是半长元音，比如，<span class="pho">æ</span> 或者 <span class="pho">i</span>。
On the other hand, there's a notable difference between American and British English when it comes to vowel duration. In British English, vowels are either long or short. On the other hand, in American English, some vowels fall into a category of semi-long vowels, such as `æ` or `i`.
On the other hand, there's a notable difference between American and British English when it comes to vowel duration. In British English, vowels are either long or short. On the other hand, in American English, some vowels fall into a category of semi-long vowels, such as <span class="pho">æ</span> or <span class="pho">i</span>.