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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/2.1.10-ɤ.md
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# 2.1.10. `ɤ`
# 2.1.10. <span class="pho">ɤ</span>
人类的语音在最底层是相通的 —— 最明显的例证就是所有的语言都一样，不仅都以元音为核心，并且，都有大致相同的基础元音音素，比如 `ɑ`、`i`、`ʊ`、`e`、`ɔ`…… 日文就恰好只有这五个母音。英文还另外有一个 `ə`；而韩文比英文还要多出一个 `ɤ`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/us/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3"></span>（韩文字符为 `ᅳ`） —— 这个音中文也有，比如，在 “思念” 这个词中， “思”（`sī`）的韵母就是这个音。
人类的语音在最底层是相通的 —— 最明显的例证就是所有的语言都一样，不仅都以元音为核心，并且，都有大致相同的基础元音音素，比如 <span class="pho">ɑ</span>、<span class="pho">i</span>、<span class="pho">ʊ</span>、<span class="pho">e</span>、<span class="pho">ɔ</span>…… 日文就恰好只有这五个母音。英文还另外有一个 <span class="pho">ə</span>；而韩文比英文还要多出一个 <span class="pho">ɤ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/us/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3"></span>（韩文字符为 <span class="pho">ᅳ</span>） —— 这个音中文也有，比如，在 “思念” 这个词中， “思”（<span class="pho">sī</span>）的韵母就是这个音。
Human speech, at its core, is universal - the clearest example being that all languages share certain fundamental tenets. Every language places vowels at their heart and maintains a similar basic vowel phonemes such as `ɑ`, `i`, `ʊ`, `e`, `ɔ`, amongst others. Take Japanese for instance; it uses precisely these five vowels only. English includes one more: `ə`. Korean even outpaces English by adding another one —`ɤ`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/us/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3"></span> (represented in Hangul as `ᅳ`). Interestingly enough you can find this sound in Mandarin Chinese too — like in `sī` of "思念" `sīniàn`, meaning to miss or remember.
Human speech, at its core, is universal - the clearest example being that all languages share certain fundamental tenets. Every language places vowels at their heart and maintains a similar basic vowel phonemes such as <span class="pho">ɑ</span>, <span class="pho">i</span>, <span class="pho">ʊ</span>, <span class="pho">e</span>, <span class="pho">ɔ</span>, amongst others. Take Japanese for instance; it uses precisely these five vowels only. English includes one more: <span class="pho">ə</span>. Korean even outpaces English by adding another one —<span class="pho">ɤ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/us/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3"></span> (represented in Hangul as <span class="pho">ᅳ</span>). Interestingly enough you can find this sound in Mandarin Chinese too — like in <span class="pho">sī</span> of "思念" <span class="pho">sīniàn</span>, meaning to miss or remember.
虽然英文的音标列表里并没有收录 `ɤ` 这个音，可实际上，你试试就知道了：`d` 被读作 `dɤ`，`g` 被读作 `gɤ` —— 其中的 `ɤ` 很轻很短；同样，`t` 实际上被读作 `tɤ`，`k` 被读作 `kɤ` —— 其中的 `ɤ` 没有气流振动。
虽然英文的音标列表里并没有收录 <span class="pho">ɤ</span> 这个音，可实际上，你试试就知道了：<span class="pho">d</span> 被读作 <span class="pho">dɤ</span>，<span class="pho">g</span> 被读作 <span class="pho">gɤ</span> —— 其中的 <span class="pho">ɤ</span> 很轻很短；同样，<span class="pho">t</span> 实际上被读作 <span class="pho">tɤ</span>，<span class="pho">k</span> 被读作 <span class="pho">kɤ</span> —— 其中的 <span class="pho">ɤ</span> 没有气流振动。
Even though the phonetic symbol `ɤ` isn't included in English phonetic chart, you'll notice something interesting if you try it out: the letter `d` is actually pronounced as `dɤ`, and `g` is pronounced as `gɤ`. Here, the `ɤ` sound is very light and brief. Similarly, `t` is actually pronounced as `tɤ`, and `k` is pronounced as `kɤ`, with the `ɤ` not involving any airflow vibration.
Even though the phonetic symbol <span class="pho">ɤ</span> isn't included in English phonetic chart, you'll notice something interesting if you try it out: the letter <span class="pho">d</span> is actually pronounced as <span class="pho">dɤ</span>, and <span class="pho">g</span> is pronounced as <span class="pho">gɤ</span>. Here, the <span class="pho">ɤ</span> sound is very light and brief. Similarly, <span class="pho">t</span> is actually pronounced as <span class="pho">tɤ</span>, and <span class="pho">k</span> is pronounced as <span class="pho">kɤ</span>, with the <span class="pho">ɤ</span> not involving any airflow vibration.