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@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ The combination of "consonant + consonant" often requires more attention.
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## 2.4.3.1 省音(elision)
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“**辅音 + 辅音**” 的组合,常常会造成前一个辅音虽然发声器官(*articulator*)动作完整但并不发声的情况,于是会出现一个既 “看不见” 也 “听不到” 的**停顿**(*stop*,[2.4.1](2.4.1-stop)),之前举过单词内存在这种情况的例子,*hotdog* `/ˈhɑːtdɑːɡ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hotdog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hotdog-us-female.mp3"></span> 和 *network* `/ˈnetwɝːk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/network-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/network-us-female.mp3"></span>,再比如,*hard-nosed* `/hɑːrd-noʊzd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hard-nosed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hard-nosed-us-female.mp3"></span>, *partner* `/ˈpɑːrtnɚ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/partner-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/partner-us-female.mp3"></span>……
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“**辅音 + 辅音**” 的组合,常常会造成前一个辅音虽然发声器官(*articulator*)动作完整但并不发声的情况,于是会出现一个既 “看不见” 也 “听不到” 的**停顿**(*stop*,[2.4.1](2.4.1-stop)),之前举过单词内存在这种情况的例子,*hotdog* <span class="pho alt">ˈhɑːtdɑːɡ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hotdog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hotdog-us-female.mp3"></span> 和 *network* <span class="pho alt">ˈnetwɝːk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/network-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/network-us-female.mp3"></span>,再比如,*hard-nosed* <span class="pho alt">hɑːrd-noʊzd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hard-nosed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hard-nosed-us-female.mp3"></span>, *partner* <span class="pho alt">ˈpɑːrtnɚ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/partner-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/partner-us-female.mp3"></span>……
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A "consonant + consonant" combination often results in an instance where the first consonant is articulated but not voiced, creating an *invisible and inaudible stop* ([2.4.1](2.4.1-stop)). Examples of this within words include previously mentioned *hotdog* `/ˈhɑːtdɑːɡ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hotdog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hotdog-us-female.mp3"></span> and *network* `/ˈnetwɝːk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/network-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/network-us-female.mp3"></span>, as well as *hard-nosed* `/hɑːrd-noʊzd/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hard-nosed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hard-nosed-us-female.mp3"></span>, *partner* `/ˈpɑːrtnɚ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/partner-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/partner-us-female.mp3"></span>, and so on.
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A "consonant + consonant" combination often results in an instance where the first consonant is articulated but not voiced, creating an *invisible and inaudible stop* ([2.4.1](2.4.1-stop)). Examples of this within words include previously mentioned *hotdog* <span class="pho alt">ˈhɑːtdɑːɡ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hotdog-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hotdog-us-female.mp3"></span> and *network* <span class="pho alt">ˈnetwɝːk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/network-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/network-us-female.mp3"></span>, as well as *hard-nosed* <span class="pho alt">hɑːrd-noʊzd</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/hard-nosed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/hard-nosed-us-female.mp3"></span>, *partner* <span class="pho alt">ˈpɑːrtnɚ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/partner-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/partner-us-female.mp3"></span>, and so on.
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有人把这种现象叫做 **省音**(*elision*);但,这种说法容易产生误导,因为音的确是省了,但,动作却没省,不仅没有省,**动作还很完整**。
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@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ Within a meaning group, it's common for a word to end with a consonant and the f
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When the same consonant ends one syllable and begins the next, this pair of identical consonants is known as *geminates*. In fluid, natural speech, these two consonants are vocalized only once— yet, you might sense a slight *stop* due to the presence of the previous consonant, and its completion of articulating action. Mechanically, this is similar to *elision* ([2.4.3.1](2.4.3-cc#_2-4-3-1-省音-elision)). This phenomenon also occurs even when two neighboring consonants are just similar, not identical.
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比如,*that time*, 不是 `ðæt taɪm/`,而是 `/ðæ·t̬aɪm/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/at-that-time-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/at-that-time-us-female.mp3"></span> —— 第一个 `t` 由于后面跟着一个辅音,于是产生了**省音**,听不到了,但,该有的停顿却依然在,在这里我们用 `·` 代表那个停顿 ;而后,第二个 `t` 与第三个 `t` 是**叠音**,这两个 `t` 只发声一次。又比如,*bad day*, 不是 `/bæd deɪ/`,而是 `/bæ·deɪ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/a-bad-day-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/a-bad-day-us-female.mp3"></span>。 再比如,*with this*, 不是 `/wɪθ ðɪs/`,而是 `/wɪ·ðɪs/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/with-this-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/with-this-us-female.mp3"></span>。
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比如,*that time*, 不是 <span class="pho">ðæt taɪm/</span>,而是 <span class="pho alt">ðæ·t̬aɪm</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/at-that-time-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/at-that-time-us-female.mp3"></span> —— 第一个 <span class="pho">t</span> 由于后面跟着一个辅音,于是产生了**省音**,听不到了,但,该有的停顿却依然在,在这里我们用 <span class="pho">·</span> 代表那个停顿 ;而后,第二个 <span class="pho">t</span> 与第三个 <span class="pho">t</span> 是**叠音**,这两个 <span class="pho">t</span> 只发声一次。又比如,*bad day*, 不是 <span class="pho alt">bæd deɪ</span>,而是 <span class="pho alt">bæ·deɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/a-bad-day-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/a-bad-day-us-female.mp3"></span>。 再比如,*with this*, 不是 <span class="pho alt">wɪθ ðɪs</span>,而是 <span class="pho alt">wɪ·ðɪs</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/with-this-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/with-this-us-female.mp3"></span>。
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For instance, *at that time* is not pronounced as `/ðæt taɪm/`, but as `/ðæ·t̬aɪm/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/at-that-time-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/at-that-time-us-female.mp3"></span>. Here, the first `t` is elided because it is followed by another consonant, so you can't hear it. However, the expected pause is still there, represented by `·`. Then, the second `t` and the third `t` form a geminate, and are vocalized only once. Similarly, *bad day* is not pronounced as `/bæd deɪ/`, but as `/bæ·deɪ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/a-bad-day-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/a-bad-day-us-female.mp3"></span>; *with this*, is not `/wɪθ ðɪs/`,but `/wɪ·ðɪs/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/with-this-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/with-this-us-female.mp3"></span>.
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For instance, *at that time* is not pronounced as <span class="pho alt">ðæt taɪm</span>, but as <span class="pho alt">ðæ·t̬aɪm</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/at-that-time-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/at-that-time-us-female.mp3"></span>. Here, the first <span class="pho">t</span> is elided because it is followed by another consonant, so you can't hear it. However, the expected pause is still there, represented by <span class="pho">·</span>. Then, the second <span class="pho">t</span> and the third <span class="pho">t</span> form a geminate, and are vocalized only once. Similarly, *bad day* is not pronounced as <span class="pho alt">bæd deɪ</span>, but as <span class="pho alt">bæ·deɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/a-bad-day-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/a-bad-day-us-female.mp3"></span>; *with this*, is not <span class="pho alt">wɪθ ðɪs</span>,but <span class="pho alt">wɪ·ðɪs</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/with-this-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/with-this-us-female.mp3"></span>.
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## 2.4.3.3. 同化(assimilation)
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@@ -34,54 +34,54 @@ For instance, *at that time* is not pronounced as `/ðæt taɪm/`, but as `/ðæ
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Assimilation, in English pronunciation, primarily happens in two key scenarios:
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> * `t` + `j` = `tʃ`
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> * `d` + `j` = `dʒ`
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> * <span class="pho">t</span> + <span class="pho">j</span> = <span class="pho">tʃ</span>
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> * <span class="pho">d</span> + <span class="pho">j</span> = <span class="pho">dʒ</span>
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最常见的比如,*Don't you?* `/doʊn tʃju?/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Dont-you-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Dont-you-us-female.mp3"></span>;以及,*Would you?* `/wʊ dʒju?/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Would-you-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Would-you-us-female.mp3"></span> 这里的关键在于,`t, d` 发声时起始的舌尖位置如果放对了([2.2.3](2.2.3-td)),它与后面的 `/ju/` 连起来的发声就只能如此。
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最常见的比如,*Don't you?* <span class="pho alt">doʊn tʃju?</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Dont-you-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Dont-you-us-female.mp3"></span>;以及,*Would you?* <span class="pho alt">wʊ dʒju?</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Would-you-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Would-you-us-female.mp3"></span> 这里的关键在于,<span class="pho">t, d</span> 发声时起始的舌尖位置如果放对了([2.2.3](2.2.3-td)),它与后面的 <span class="pho alt">ju</span> 连起来的发声就只能如此。
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For example, in daily conversation, we often hear *Don't you?* pronounced as `/doʊn tʃju?/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Dont-you-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Dont-you-us-female.mp3"></span>; and *Would you?* as `/wʊ dʒju?/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Would-you-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Would-you-us-female.mp3"></span>. The key here lies in the position of the tongue tip when pronouncing `t, d`. If placed correctly (as explained in [2.2.3](2.2.3-td)), it naturally leads to such pronunciation when followed by `/ju/`.
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For example, in daily conversation, we often hear *Don't you?* pronounced as <span class="pho alt">doʊn tʃju?</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Dont-you-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Dont-you-us-female.mp3"></span>; and *Would you?* as <span class="pho alt">wʊ dʒju?</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Would-you-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Would-you-us-female.mp3"></span>. The key here lies in the position of the tongue tip when pronouncing <span class="pho">t, d</span>. If placed correctly (as explained in [2.2.3](2.2.3-td)), it naturally leads to such pronunciation when followed by <span class="pho alt">ju</span>.
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同化主要发生在 `j` 这个音上。除了已经讲过的 `j` 前面遇到 `t` 和 `d` 时会产生同化之外,
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同化主要发生在 <span class="pho">j</span> 这个音上。除了已经讲过的 <span class="pho">j</span> 前面遇到 <span class="pho">t</span> 和 <span class="pho">d</span> 时会产生同化之外,
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Assimilation mainly happens when a word ends in `j`. Besides the explained cases where `t` and `d` are followed by `j`,
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Assimilation mainly happens when a word ends in <span class="pho">j</span>. Besides the explained cases where <span class="pho">t</span> and <span class="pho">d</span> are followed by <span class="pho">j</span>,
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> * `s` + `j` = `ʃ`
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> * `z` + `j` = `ʒ`
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> * <span class="pho">s</span> + <span class="pho">j</span> = <span class="pho">ʃ</span>
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> * <span class="pho">z</span> + <span class="pho">j</span> = <span class="pho">ʒ</span>
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比如,`s+j` 可能会被读成 `ʃ`,`z+j` 可能会被读成 `ʒ`。再比如,*Miss you so much.* `/mɪ ʃu səʊ mʌʧ./`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Miss-you-so-much-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Miss-you-so-much-us-female.mp3"></span>;*It was your job.* `/ɪt wɒ ʒʊr ʤɒb./`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/It-was-your-job-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/It-was-your-job-us-female.mp3"></span>
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比如,<span class="pho">s+j</span> 可能会被读成 <span class="pho">ʃ</span>,<span class="pho">z+j</span> 可能会被读成 <span class="pho">ʒ</span>。再比如,*Miss you so much.* <span class="pho alt">mɪ ʃu səʊ mʌʧ.</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Miss-you-so-much-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Miss-you-so-much-us-female.mp3"></span>;*It was your job.* <span class="pho alt">ɪt wɒ ʒʊr ʤɒb.</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/It-was-your-job-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/It-was-your-job-us-female.mp3"></span>
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For instance, the combination `s+j` might be pronounced as `ʃ`, and `z+j` might be pronounced as `ʒ`. Here are examples: *Miss you so much* can be pronounced as `/mɪ ʃu səʊ mʌʧ./`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Miss-you-so-much-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Miss-you-so-much-us-female.mp3"></span>; *It was your job* can be pronounced as `/ɪt wɒ ʒʊr ʤɒb./`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/It-was-your-job-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/It-was-your-job-us-female.mp3"></span>
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For instance, the combination <span class="pho">s+j</span> might be pronounced as <span class="pho">ʃ</span>, and <span class="pho">z+j</span> might be pronounced as <span class="pho">ʒ</span>. Here are examples: *Miss you so much* can be pronounced as <span class="pho alt">mɪ ʃu səʊ mʌʧ.</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Miss-you-so-much-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Miss-you-so-much-us-female.mp3"></span>; *It was your job* can be pronounced as <span class="pho alt">ɪt wɒ ʒʊr ʤɒb.</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/It-was-your-job-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/It-was-your-job-us-female.mp3"></span>
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请注意,这两组是**可能**,并非一定,并非所有英文母语使用者都如此发音。
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However, it's important to note that these are possibilities, not certainties. Not all English native speakers pronounce words this way.
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另外一个细节是,`k/g` 之前的 `n`,可能会被同化为 `ŋ`:
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另外一个细节是,<span class="pho">k/g</span> 之前的 <span class="pho">n</span>,可能会被同化为 <span class="pho">ŋ</span>:
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> * *ten cups*, `/ten kʌps/` → `/teŋ kʌps/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/ten-cups-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/ten-cups-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *increase*, `/ˌɪnˈkris/` → `/ˌɪŋˈkris/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/increase-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/increase-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *brown gate*, `/braʊn geɪt/` → `/braʊŋ geɪt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/brown-gate-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/brown-gate-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *ten cups*, <span class="pho alt">ten kʌps</span> → <span class="pho alt">teŋ kʌps</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/ten-cups-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/ten-cups-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *increase*, <span class="pho alt">ˌɪnˈkris</span> → <span class="pho alt">ˌɪŋˈkris</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/increase-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/increase-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *brown gate*, <span class="pho alt">braʊn geɪt</span> → <span class="pho alt">braʊŋ geɪt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/brown-gate-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/brown-gate-us-female.mp3"></span>
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## 2.4.3.4. 击穿(dropping)
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“辅音 + 辅音” 的组合中,如果第二个辅音是 `h` 的话,它常常被击穿(*dropping*),因为 `h` 原本就是很轻的音,发音时声带并不震动,所以总是自然而然地被前后发音相对更为响亮的声音所掩盖。
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“辅音 + 辅音” 的组合中,如果第二个辅音是 <span class="pho">h</span> 的话,它常常被击穿(*dropping*),因为 <span class="pho">h</span> 原本就是很轻的音,发音时声带并不震动,所以总是自然而然地被前后发音相对更为响亮的声音所掩盖。
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In a "consonant + consonant" combination, where the second is `h`, the `h` sound often gets *dropped*, simply due to its soft nature. This is because the *vocal cords* don't vibrate when pronouncing `h`, and it naturally gets overshadowed by the louder sounds before and after.
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In a "consonant + consonant" combination, where the second is <span class="pho">h</span>, the <span class="pho">h</span> sound often gets *dropped*, simply due to its soft nature. This is because the *vocal cords* don't vibrate when pronouncing <span class="pho">h</span>, and it naturally gets overshadowed by the louder sounds before and after.
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比如,*Was he hurt?* 三个单词分开读,应该是 `/wɒz hi həːt/` 在连贯的语音中,会被读成 `/wɒzi həːt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Was-he-hurt-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Was-he-hurt-us-female.mp3"></span> —— 听不到 `h`,它被击穿了。
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比如,*Was he hurt?* 三个单词分开读,应该是 <span class="pho alt">wɒz hi həːt</span> 在连贯的语音中,会被读成 <span class="pho alt">wɒzi həːt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Was-he-hurt-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Was-he-hurt-us-female.mp3"></span> —— 听不到 <span class="pho">h</span>,它被击穿了。
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For example, take the sentence *Was he hurt?* If pronounced separately, it should be `/wɒz hi həːt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Was-he-hurt-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Was-he-hurt-us-female.mp3"></span>. However, when spoken fluidly, it sounds more like `/wɒzi həːt/`; the `h` becomes unnoticeable.
|
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For example, take the sentence *Was he hurt?* If pronounced separately, it should be <span class="pho alt">wɒz hi həːt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/Was-he-hurt-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/Was-he-hurt-us-female.mp3"></span>. However, when spoken fluidly, it sounds more like <span class="pho alt">wɒzi həːt</span>; the <span class="pho">h</span> becomes unnoticeable.
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很多美国人在 `t` 这个音上还有另外一个特殊的习惯,`t` 跟在 `n` 之后的时候,美国人说话的方式会让我们听不到那个 `t`,也就是说,`t` 也可能被击穿。比如,他们说 *interview* 的时候你听到的可能是 `/ˈɪnəˌvju/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/interview-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/interview-us-female.mp3"></span>,没有 `t`。
|
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很多美国人在 <span class="pho">t</span> 这个音上还有另外一个特殊的习惯,<span class="pho">t</span> 跟在 <span class="pho">n</span> 之后的时候,美国人说话的方式会让我们听不到那个 <span class="pho">t</span>,也就是说,<span class="pho">t</span> 也可能被击穿。比如,他们说 *interview* 的时候你听到的可能是 <span class="pho alt">ˈɪnəˌvju</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/interview-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/interview-us-female.mp3"></span>,没有 <span class="pho">t</span>。
|
||||
|
||||
Many Americans have a unique habit with the `t` sound, especially when it follows `n`. Their way of speaking often causes the `t` to disappear. For instance, when they say the word *interview*, you might hear `/ˈɪnəˌvju/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/interview-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/interview-us-female.mp3"></span>, without the `t`.
|
||||
Many Americans have a unique habit with the <span class="pho">t</span> sound, especially when it follows <span class="pho">n</span>. Their way of speaking often causes the <span class="pho">t</span> to disappear. For instance, when they say the word *interview*, you might hear <span class="pho alt">ˈɪnəˌvju</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/interview-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/interview-us-female.mp3"></span>, without the <span class="pho">t</span>.
|
||||
|
||||
另外,`ð` 也可能被击穿,基本只发生在 *them* 这个常用词上。比如,*let them* `/let ðəm/`, 变成了 `/let-əm/`,由由于 `ð` 被击穿了之后,`t` 等于被夹在了两个元音之间,于是会变成浊化的弹舌音 `t̬`,于是,说出来的或者听到的是 `/let̬əm/`…… 所以,在快速的自然语流中 *let him* 和 *let them* 实际上几乎没有区别,需要通过上下文确定究竟是 *him* 还是 *them*。
|
||||
另外,<span class="pho">ð</span> 也可能被击穿,基本只发生在 *them* 这个常用词上。比如,*let them* <span class="pho alt">let ðəm</span>, 变成了 <span class="pho alt">let-əm</span>,由由于 <span class="pho">ð</span> 被击穿了之后,<span class="pho">t</span> 等于被夹在了两个元音之间,于是会变成浊化的弹舌音 <span class="pho">t̬</span>,于是,说出来的或者听到的是 <span class="pho alt">let̬əm</span>…… 所以,在快速的自然语流中 *let him* 和 *let them* 实际上几乎没有区别,需要通过上下文确定究竟是 *him* 还是 *them*。
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, the `ð` sound can also be dropped, primarily in the common word *them*. For example, *let them* `/let ðəm/` might become `/let-əm/`. When the `ð` is dropped, the `t` ends up sandwiched between two vowels and turns into the voiced flap `t̬`. So, what you say or hear becomes `/let̬əm/`. Therefore, in fast natural speech, *let him* and *let them* sound almost identical and only context can determine whether it's *him* or *them*.
|
||||
In addition, the <span class="pho">ð</span> sound can also be dropped, primarily in the common word *them*. For example, *let them* <span class="pho alt">let ðəm</span> might become <span class="pho alt">let-əm</span>. When the <span class="pho">ð</span> is dropped, the <span class="pho">t</span> ends up sandwiched between two vowels and turns into the voiced flap <span class="pho">t̬</span>. So, what you say or hear becomes <span class="pho alt">let̬əm</span>. Therefore, in fast natural speech, *let him* and *let them* sound almost identical and only context can determine whether it's *him* or *them*.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2.4.3.5 其它(others)
|
||||
|
||||
值得一提的是,`m/n` + `f/v` 的情况。词汇之内我们看过 *comfort* `/ˈkʌmfɚt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/comfort-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/comfort-us-female.mp3"></span> 和 *conversation* `/ˌkɑːnvɚˈseɪʃən/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/conversation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/conversation-us-female.mp3"></span> 的例子。这种情况在意群之内也经常会遇到,比如,*stem from*, 只能读成 `/sten frəm/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/stem-from-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/stem-from-us-female.mp3"></span>……
|
||||
值得一提的是,<span class="pho">m/n</span> + <span class="pho">f/v</span> 的情况。词汇之内我们看过 *comfort* <span class="pho alt">ˈkʌmfɚt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/comfort-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/comfort-us-female.mp3"></span> 和 *conversation* <span class="pho alt">ˌkɑːnvɚˈseɪʃən</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/conversation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/conversation-us-female.mp3"></span> 的例子。这种情况在意群之内也经常会遇到,比如,*stem from*, 只能读成 <span class="pho alt">sten frəm</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/stem-from-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/stem-from-us-female.mp3"></span>……
|
||||
|
||||
It's worth mentioning the situation with `m/n` followed by `f/v`. We've seen examples of this in words like *comfort* `/ˈkʌmfɚt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/comfort-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/comfort-us-female.mp3"></span> and *conversation* `/ˌkɑːnvɚˈseɪʃən/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/conversation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/conversation-us-female.mp3"></span>. This occurrence is often also found within a meaning group. For instance, *stem from* can only be pronounced as `/sten frəm/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/stem-from-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/stem-from-us-female.mp3"></span>.
|
||||
It's worth mentioning the situation with <span class="pho">m/n</span> followed by <span class="pho">f/v</span>. We've seen examples of this in words like *comfort* <span class="pho alt">ˈkʌmfɚt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/comfort-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/comfort-us-female.mp3"></span> and *conversation* <span class="pho alt">ˌkɑːnvɚˈseɪʃən</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/conversation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/conversation-us-female.mp3"></span>. This occurrence is often also found within a meaning group. For instance, *stem from* can only be pronounced as <span class="pho alt">sten frəm</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us/stem-from-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/us/stem-from-us-female.mp3"></span>.
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user