add a script to replace

1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.1-fluency.md

@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ One of the most important and often overlooked *differences* is:
 >
 > English syllables, in most cases, are pronounced *much longer* than the individual characters in Asian languages...
 
-首先，英文的元音有长短之分，除了 *6* 个基础元音 `ʌ`、`e`、`ə`、`ɪ`、`ʊ`、`ɒ` 是短元音之外，剩下的十几个都是**相对更长**的元音；而亚洲语言的元音都是等长的。
+首先，英文的元音有长短之分，除了 *6* 个基础元音 <span class="pho">ʌ</span>、<span class="pho">e</span>、<span class="pho">ə</span>、<span class="pho">ɪ</span>、<span class="pho">ʊ</span>、<span class="pho">ɒ</span> 是短元音之外，剩下的十几个都是**相对更长**的元音；而亚洲语言的元音都是等长的。
 
-Firstly, English vowels have variations in length. Aside from the *6* basic short vowels `ʌ`, `e`, `ə`, `ɪ`, `ʊ`, and `ɒ`, the remaining more than dozen vowels are relatively longer. In contrast, vowels in Asian languages are all of equal length.
+Firstly, English vowels have variations in length. Aside from the *6* basic short vowels <span class="pho">ʌ</span>, <span class="pho">e</span>, <span class="pho">ə</span>, <span class="pho">ɪ</span>, <span class="pho">ʊ</span>, and <span class="pho">ɒ</span>, the remaining more than dozen vowels are relatively longer. In contrast, vowels in Asian languages are all of equal length.
 
-除此之外，在英文中，当一个短元音处于重音音节的时候，会出现因强调而发生的短元音变长的情况。比如，你可以试着说一下 *This is a **big** **city**!* —— 为了强调 *big*，你会不由自主地将它读成长长的 `/biːg/`，而不是 `/bɪg/`，如果强调 *city*，它的第一个 `/sɪ/` 也会稍微变长一点点（你可以把 `s` 拉长）……
+除此之外，在英文中，当一个短元音处于重音音节的时候，会出现因强调而发生的短元音变长的情况。比如，你可以试着说一下 *This is a **big** **city**!* —— 为了强调 *big*，你会不由自主地将它读成长长的 <span class="pho alt">biːg</span>，而不是 <span class="pho alt">bɪg</span>，如果强调 *city*，它的第一个 <span class="pho alt">sɪ</span> 也会稍微变长一点点（你可以把 <span class="pho">s</span> 拉长）……
 
-In English, a short vowel in a stressed syllable can *elongate* when emphasized. For example, try saying, *This is a **big** **city**!* You'll notice that to emphasize *big*, you naturally stretch it into a long-sounding `/biːg/`, instead of the short `/bɪg/`. If you stress *city*, the first `/sɪ/` will also lengthen slightly - you can stretch the `s` sound.
+In English, a short vowel in a stressed syllable can *elongate* when emphasized. For example, try saying, *This is a **big** **city**!* You'll notice that to emphasize *big*, you naturally stretch it into a long-sounding <span class="pho alt">biːg</span>, instead of the short <span class="pho alt">bɪg</span>. If you stress *city*, the first <span class="pho alt">sɪ</span> will also lengthen slightly - you can stretch the <span class="pho">s</span> sound.
 
-而英文的音节构成也相对更为复杂，元音前有可能是两个辅音。亚洲语言的**音节**（字）几乎没有两个辅音作为开头的情况，在英文中这种情况却非常普遍。亚洲语言的音节同样没有两三个辅音作为结尾并且还要发声清晰的情况，在英文中这种情况同样非常普遍。每个辅音都要发声清晰的话，就会占用一定的时长。比如，*flexed*, `/flekst/`，虽然整体上只是一个音节（`ccvccc` 的结构），可即便这个音节中的元音 `e` 是短元音，整体发声时它也比任何一个亚洲语言中的 “字”（同样是一个音节）都长。
+而英文的音节构成也相对更为复杂，元音前有可能是两个辅音。亚洲语言的**音节**（字）几乎没有两个辅音作为开头的情况，在英文中这种情况却非常普遍。亚洲语言的音节同样没有两三个辅音作为结尾并且还要发声清晰的情况，在英文中这种情况同样非常普遍。每个辅音都要发声清晰的话，就会占用一定的时长。比如，*flexed*, <span class="pho alt">flekst</span>，虽然整体上只是一个音节（<span class="pho">ccvccc</span> 的结构），可即便这个音节中的元音 <span class="pho">e</span> 是短元音，整体发声时它也比任何一个亚洲语言中的 “字”（同样是一个音节）都长。
 
-English syllables can also be more complex, often with two consonants in the beginning of a vowel. This contrasts with Asian languages, where syllables (or *characters*) rarely start with two consonants. Similarly, English often ends syllables with two or three clear-sounding consonants, while this is less common in Asian languages. Each consonant requires a certain amount of time to articulate clearly. For example, the word *flexed*, pronounced `/flekst/`, although technically one syllable (`ccvccc` structure), takes longer to say than any single syllable (or *character*) in an Asian language, even though the vowel `e` in *flexed* is short.
+English syllables can also be more complex, often with two consonants in the beginning of a vowel. This contrasts with Asian languages, where syllables (or *characters*) rarely start with two consonants. Similarly, English often ends syllables with two or three clear-sounding consonants, while this is less common in Asian languages. Each consonant requires a certain amount of time to articulate clearly. For example, the word *flexed*, pronounced <span class="pho alt">flekst</span>, although technically one syllable (<span class="pho">ccvccc</span> structure), takes longer to say than any single syllable (or *character*) in an Asian language, even though the vowel <span class="pho">e</span> in *flexed* is short.
 
 平均来看，英文的音节中**辅音数量**可能是亚洲语言的**两三倍以上** —— 这造成的结果就是，说英文的时候，舌头比说其他语言的时候相对要忙太多…… 并且，因此英文单个音节的发声时长也相对更长 —— 不是长一点点，而是长很多。
 
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ There's another less noticeable yet equally crucial difference:
 >
 > In natural English speech, there are numerous *stop* sounds interspersed between syllables. We may not hear these sounds or see the articulator in action, but the actions are fully completed, meaning they also take up time.
 
-还没有完…… 记得吗？两个元音直接连在一起的时候，还有可能存在**加音**（`j/w`），以及很常见的 `l` 之前的加音 `ə`……
+还没有完…… 记得吗？两个元音直接连在一起的时候，还有可能存在**加音**（<span class="pho">j/w</span>），以及很常见的 <span class="pho">l</span> 之前的加音 <span class="pho">ə</span>……
 
-And there's more... remember? When two vowels are connected, there might also be a **glide sound** (`j/w`), and that common schwa `ə` added before `l`...
+And there's more... remember? When two vowels are connected, there might also be a **glide sound** (<span class="pho">j/w</span>), and that common schwa <span class="pho">ə</span> added before <span class="pho">l</span>...
 
 所有这些细节加在一起，造成了一个格外普遍的现象：
 
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ All these nuances combined result in a particularly common phenomenon:
 >
 > **Asian people often speak English too quickly...**
 
-常常把**长元音**和**双元音**，以及美式英语特有的**半长元音**读成更短的版本（尤其是 `æ`），很多**辅音**没有清楚地发音，很多实际存在的微妙**停顿**（比如**塞音**）全都忽略，甚至可能在某些辅音之后插入了原本**不存在的元音**，但是，反过来常见的**加音**却实际上缺席……
+常常把**长元音**和**双元音**，以及美式英语特有的**半长元音**读成更短的版本（尤其是 <span class="pho">æ</span>），很多**辅音**没有清楚地发音，很多实际存在的微妙**停顿**（比如**塞音**）全都忽略，甚至可能在某些辅音之后插入了原本**不存在的元音**，但是，反过来常见的**加音**却实际上缺席……
 
-Asian speakers often shorten long vowels and diphthongs, as well as the unique half-long vowels in American English, especially the `æ` sound. Many consonants aren't clearly pronounced, and subtle stops that should be there are often overlooked. Sometimes, vowels are added where they don't exist, yet, ironically, added sounds that should be present are often missing.
+Asian speakers often shorten long vowels and diphthongs, as well as the unique half-long vowels in American English, especially the <span class="pho">æ</span> sound. Many consonants aren't clearly pronounced, and subtle stops that should be there are often overlooked. Sometimes, vowels are added where they don't exist, yet, ironically, added sounds that should be present are often missing.
 
 整体结果就是，同样一句话，亚洲人总是能够做到更快、很快、甚至太快地讲完。可问题在于，从理解的角度来看，在英文母语使用者耳中，几乎所有的韵律和节奏全都是错的。用错误的韵律节奏，讲的速度越快，就越难以被理解。
 
@@ -135,4 +135,4 @@ Consider Hollywood action star Arnold Schwarzenegger. His accent is heavy, but h
 
 即便是到了相对最不重要的**音素**层面，也有重要性上的先后顺序，**元音比辅音更重要**。然而，绝大多数人在整个练习过程中，在最不重要的层面上就被卡住了…… 越是重要的越没机会练习，越是重要的，越没能力去关注 —— 这才是失败的关键吧？
 
-Even at the seemingly least important level of phonemes, there's a hierarchy of importance: *vowels are more critical than consonants*. However, most people get stuck at this least significant level during their practice... The more crucial something is, the less opportunity they have to practice it, the less capacity they have to focus on it. Isn't this the real crux of failure?
+Even at the seemingly least important level of phonemes, there's a hierarchy of importance: *vowels are more critical than consonants*. However, most people get stuck at this least significant level during their practice... The more crucial something is, the less opportunity they have to practice it, the less capacity they have to focus on it. Isn't this the real crux of failure?