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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/3.2.2-td.md
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## 3.2.2.4. <span class="pho">d</span> 的清化
<span class="pho">t</span> 有可能**浊化**…… 与之相对地，<span class="pho">d</span> 也可能**清化**。*ed* 在清辅音 <span class="pho">p</span>, <span class="pho">k</span>, <span class="pho">f</span>, <span class="pho">s</span>, <span class="pho">sh</span>, <span class="pho">ch</span>, <span class="pho">th</span> 之后的时候，读作 <span class="pho">t</span>，其他的时候读作 <span class="pho">d</span>。比如，*hoped* <span class="pho alt">hoʊpt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/hoped-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/hoped-us-female.mp3"></span>，*laughed* <span class="pho alt">læft</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/laughed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/laughed-us-female.mp3"></span>，*liked* <span class="pho alt">laɪkt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/liked-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/liked-us-female.mp3"></span>，*watched* <span class="pho alt">wɑːtʃt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/watched-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/watched-us-female.mp3"></span>。
<span class="pho">t</span> 有可能**浊化**…… 与之相对地，<span class="pho">d</span> 也可能**清化**。比如，*ed* 有时并不读作 <span class="pho alt">ɪd</span>, 在清辅音 <span class="pho">p</span>, <span class="pho">k</span>, <span class="pho">f</span>, <span class="pho">s</span>, <span class="pho">ʃ</span>, <span class="pho">tʃ</span>, <span class="pho">th</span> 之后的时候，读作 <span class="pho alt">t</span>。比如，*hoped* <span class="pho alt">hoʊpt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/hoped-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/hoped-us-female.mp3"></span>，*laughed* <span class="pho alt">læft</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/laughed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/laughed-us-female.mp3"></span>，*liked* <span class="pho alt">laɪkt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/liked-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/liked-us-female.mp3"></span>，*watched* <span class="pho alt">wɑːtʃt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/watched-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/watched-us-female.mp3"></span>。
## 3.2.2.5. 常见拼写

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1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/4.5-sentences.md
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声调（*intonation*）和音高（*pitch*）也常常配合使用。
> * **重音音节**用更高**音调**（<span class="pho">◌̂</span>）
> * **重音音节**用更高**音高**（<span class="pho">◌̂</span>）
> * *component* <span class="pho alt">kəmˈpoʊ.nənt</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">kəmˈpôʊ.nənt</span>
> * *condition*, <span class="pho alt">kənˈdɪʃ.ən</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">kənˈdɪ̂ʃ.ən</span>
> 在这种情况下，最后一个音节只能继续**轻声**读出来……
> * **重音音节**用**降调**（<span class="pho">◌̀</span>）
> * *component*, <span class="pho alt">kəmˈpoʊ.nənt</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">kəmˈpòʊ.nə̅nt</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">kəmˈpòʊ.nə́nt</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">kəmˈpòʊ.nənt</span>
> * *condition*, <span class="pho alt">kənˈdɪʃ.ən</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">kənˈdɪ̀ʃ.ə̅n</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">kənˈdɪ̀ʃ.ə́n</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">kənˈdɪ̀ʃ.ən</span>
> 由于倒数第二个音节是**重音**，声调在那里已经明显**完成**，所以，随后的最后一个音节只需要**轻声**读出来就可以了。
> * *component*, <span class="pho alt">kəmˈpoʊ.nənt</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">kəmˈpòʊ.nənt</span>
> * *condition*, <span class="pho alt">kənˈdɪʃ.ən</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">kənˈdɪ̀ʃ.ən</span>
含有重音的多音节单词读的时候就是相对更为吃力。在日常对话中，人们为了方便会下意识地尽量避免使用多音节单词。在口语中更多且又自然地使用含有重音的多音节单词，多多少少是多年教育的结果 —— 在学校里朗读背诵了更多的内容。