69 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
69 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
# 3.2.13. <span class="pho">j</span>/<span class="pho">w</span>
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## 3.2.13.1. 示范
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2"><strong>British</strong></td>
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<td colspan="2"><strong>American</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>D.J.</td>
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<td>例词（Example）</td>
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<td>IPA</td>
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<td>例词（Example）</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="pho">w</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_we_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>w</b>orker <span class="pho alt">ˈwɜː.kə</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/worker-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/worker-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><span class="pho">w</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_we_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>w</b>orker <span class="pho alt">ˈwɝː.kɚ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/worker-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/worker-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><span class="pho">j</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_yes_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>y</b>es <span class="pho alt">jes</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/yes-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/yes-uk-male.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><span class="pho">j</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_yes_2023feb.mp3"></span></td>
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<td><b>y</b>es <span class="pho alt">jes</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/yes-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/yes-us-male.mp3"></span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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## 3.2.13.2. 半元音
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<span class="pho">w</span> 和 <span class="pho">j</span> 是半元音。
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<span class="pho">w</span> 与后面的元音相连，相当于在那个元音前面加上了一个 <span class="pho">ʊ</span>，比如 *way* <span class="pho">weɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/way-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/way-us-female.mp3"></span>，读音上相当于是 <span class="pho">ʊeɪ</span>。
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<span class="pho">j</span> 与后面的元音相连，相当于在那个元音前面加上了一个 <span class="pho">ɪ</span>，比如 *you* <span class="pho alt">juː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/you-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/you-us-female.mp3"></span>，读音上相当于是 <span class="pho alt">iuː</span>。
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## 3.2.13.3. 辅音 + <span class="pho">w</span>
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<span class="pho">w</span> 可以和另外的辅音结合作为音节开头：<span class="pho">sw</span>、<span class="pho">tw</span>、<span class="pho">dw</span>、<span class="pho">kw</span>、<span class="pho">skw</span>、<span class="pho">gw</span>…… 这其中最容易出错也最常的是 <span class="pho">kw</span>，尤其是 <span class="pho">kwɒ</span> 和 <span class="pho">kwɔː</span>，比如，*quart* <span class="pho alt">kwɔːrt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/quart-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/quart-us-female.mp3"></span>，常常会被误读为 <span class="pho alt">kɔːrt</span>（听起来和 *court* <span class="pho alt">kɔːrt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/court-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/court-us-female.mp3"></span> 同音）；再比如，*quality* <span class="pho alt">ˈkwɑː.lə.t̬i</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/quality-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/quality-us-female.mp3"></span> 常常会被误读为 <span class="pho alt">ˈkɔːlɪti</span> —— 关键在于，<span class="pho">k</span> 的音之后有一个发出 <span class="pho">ʊ</span> 的嘴唇动作，否则 <span class="pho">kw</span> 就变成了 <span class="pho">k</span> —— 这个差异在母语使用者听起来异常地明显。
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## 3.2.13.4. 常见拼写
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### <span class="pho">w</span>
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* **w**
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* week <span class="pho alt">wiːk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/week-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/week-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* weird <span class="pho alt">wɪrd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/weird-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/weird-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* wife <span class="pho alt">waɪf</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/wife-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/wife-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **wh**
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* white <span class="pho alt">waɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/white-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/white-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* what <span class="pho alt">wɑːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/what-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/what-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* why <span class="pho alt">waɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/why-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/why-us-female.mp3"></span>
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### <span class="pho">j</span>
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* **y**
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* yes <span class="pho alt">jes</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/yes-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/yes-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* yet <span class="pho alt">jet</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/yet-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/yet-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* yoke <span class="pho alt">joʊk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/yoke-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/yoke-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **i**
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* onion <span class="pho alt">ˈʌn.jən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/onion-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/onion-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* million <span class="pho alt">ˈmɪl.jən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/million-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/million-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* **j**
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* jager <span class="pho alt">ˈjeɪ.ɡɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/jager-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/jager-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* hallelujah <span class="pho alt">ˌhæl.ɪˈluː.jə</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/hallelujah-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/hallelujah-us-female.mp3"></span>
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