l sound as in milk, double empty lines removed.
This commit is contained in:
xiaolai
@@ -29,10 +29,20 @@
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 4,
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"execution_count": 1,
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"id": "71d35cd9",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"The history saving thread hit an unexpected error (DatabaseError('database disk image is malformed')).History will not be written to the database.\n",
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"pygame 2.6.0 (SDL 2.28.4, Python 3.12.2)\n",
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"Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"import edge_tts\n",
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"import os\n",
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@@ -64,7 +74,7 @@
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 12,
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"execution_count": 3,
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"id": "4146f92e",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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@@ -73,15 +83,42 @@
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"['en-US-GuyNeural', 'en-US-AriaNeural']\n",
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"facade\n",
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"../audios/facade-us-male.mp3 created\n",
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"../audios/facade-us-female.mp3 created\n",
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"specific\n",
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"../audios/specific-us-male.mp3 created\n",
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"../audios/specific-us-female.mp3 created\n",
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"plaid\n",
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"../audios/plaid-us-male.mp3 created\n",
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"../audios/plaid-us-female.mp3 created\n"
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"applying\n",
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"../audios/applying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"../audios/applying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"\n",
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"carrying\n",
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"../audios/carrying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"../audios/carrying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"\n",
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"crying\n",
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"../audios/crying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"../audios/crying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"\n",
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"denying\n",
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"../audios/denying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"../audios/denying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"\n",
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"qualifying\n",
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"../audios/qualifying-us-male.mp3 created\n",
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"../audios/qualifying-us-female.mp3 created\n",
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"\n",
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"replying\n",
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"../audios/replying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"../audios/replying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"\n",
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"satisfying\n",
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"../audios/satisfying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"../audios/satisfying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"\n",
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"specifying\n",
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"../audios/specifying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"../audios/specifying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"\n",
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"spying\n",
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"../audios/spying-us-male.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"../audios/spying-us-female.mp3 exists, skipping...\n",
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"\n"
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]
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}
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],
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@@ -102,7 +139,7 @@
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"carrying,\n",
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"crying,\n",
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"denying,\n",
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"qulifying,\n",
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"qualifying,\n",
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"replying,\n",
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"satisfying,\n",
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"specifying,\n",
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@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@
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<span class="pho">ɪr</span>，相当于英音中的 <span class="pho">ɪə</span>，相当于是一个儿化的双元音 —— 可以理解为 <span class="pho">iᵊr</span> 或者 <span class="pho">iɚ</span>，比如，*ear* <span class="pho alt">ɪr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/ear-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/ear-us-female.mp3"></span>…… 不过要小心，不是所有的末尾的 <span class="pho">ə</span> 都是儿化的，比如 *idea* <span class="pho alt">aɪˈdiː.ə</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/idea-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/idea-us-female.mp3"></span> 末尾的 <span class="pho">ə</span> 就没有儿化。
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## 3.1.3.6. 常见拼写
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### <span class="pho">ɪ</span>
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@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@
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美音中 <span class="pho">e</span> 的儿化音 <span class="pho">er</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/air-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/air-us-male.mp3"></span>，相当于英音中的双元音 <span class="pho">eə</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/air-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/air-uk-male.mp3"></span>，可以理解为 <span class="pho">eᵊr</span> 或者 <span class="pho">eɚ</span>…… 说的时候，请仔细体会 <span class="pho">r</span> 之前的加音 <span class="pho">ᵊ</span>。
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## 3.1.5.5. 常见拼写
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### <span class="pho">e</span>
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@@ -98,5 +97,4 @@
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* laugh <span class="pho alt">læf</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/laugh-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/laugh-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* draught <span class="pho alt">dræft</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/draught-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/draught-us-female.mp3"></span>
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[^1]: 在国际音标（IPA）<span class="pho">e</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3"></span> 这个符号代表的元音其实更接近英语音标 <span class="pho">eɪ</span> 所标识的元音, 是舌位局中靠前，嘴唇略闭，口型不圆的一个元音（a mid-front, closed, unrounded vowel）, 而《剑桥英语发声词典》里的 <span class="pho">e</span> 相当于是国际音标里的 <span class="pho">ɛ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3"></span>。
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@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@
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另外，<span class="pho">ɔːl</span> 的组合也很常见，比如，palsy <span class="pho alt">ˈpɔːl.zi</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/palsy-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/palsy-us-female.mp3"></span> 或者 *wall* <span class="pho alt">wɑːl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/wall-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/wall-us-female.mp3"></span>。
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## 3.1.5.5. 常见拼写
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### <span class="pho">ɑː</span> (equivalent to British <span class="pho">ɒ</span>)
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@@ -134,5 +133,4 @@
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* door <span class="pho alt">dɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/door-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/door-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* floor <span class="pho alt">flɔːr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/floor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/floor-us-female.mp3"></span>
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[^1]: 事实上，redraw 在《剑桥英语发声词典》里被标注为 <span class="pho alt">ˌriːˈdrɔː</span> —— 很可能是个编辑过程中的 “漏网之鱼”。
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@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
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《剑桥英语发声词典》的 Pronunciation symbols 中没有收录 <span class="pho">ts</span> 和 <span class="pho">dz</span>。
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## 3.2.10.1. 示例
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<table>
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@@ -63,26 +63,30 @@
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<span class="pho">l</span> 在音节末尾的时候，有一个看不到的动作，舌尖会向前向上移动直至贴到龈脊。于是，音节末尾的 <span class="pho">l</span> 之前会有一个加音，轻微的 <span class="pho">ᵊ</span>。
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说实话，倒也不是特别难，这只不过是几分钟就可以解决的问题。
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> * 先反复说 <span class="pho">ə... əl... ə... əl...</span> 这里格外需要注意：嘴唇张开之后没有其它动作，**不要带嘴唇变化造成的 <span class="pho">ʊ</span> 的音色**；从 <span class="pho">ə</span> 到 <span class="pho">l</span> 的过程中，保持声带振动，剩余的全靠舌尖移动完成……
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> * 接着直接反复说 <span class="pho">əl... əl...</span>
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> * 再反复说 <span class="pho">əlk... əlk...</span>
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> * 现在反复说 <span class="pho">mɪəlk... mɪəlk...</span> 现在需要格外注意：为了 <span class="pho">m</span> 发声所以需要张开嘴唇，但，**此后嘴唇没有其他动作，否则会带着 <span class="pho">ʊ</span> 的音色**……（另外一个需要注意的是，不要把 <span class="pho">ɪ</span> 读成 <span class="pho">i</span>。）
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> * 现在反复说 <span class="pho">mɪəlk... mɪəlk...</span>
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> [!Note]
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> 需要格外注意的有亮点：
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> * <span class="pho">ɪ</span> 不是 <span class="pho">iː</span> 的简单化短版本（[3.1.3.2](3.1.3-i#_3-1-3-2-短元音-ɪ)），它更接近 <span class="pho">eɪ</span> 的短版本。于是，milk 是 <span class="pho alt">mɪlk</span>，不是 <span class="pho alt">milk</span>，你哪怕把它读成 <span class="pho alt">meɪlk</span> 都可能更准确一些 —— 只不过得想办法把 <span class="pho">eɪ</span> 读得短一点<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/milk-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/milk-us-female.mp3"></span>……
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> * <span class="pho">l</span> 这个音，在音节末尾的时候，舌尖有个向前移动至龈脊（位置 ③）的动作 —— 这个动作很重要，否则与它相关的连读就说不出来（[4.4.1](4.4-linking#_4-4-1-辅音-元音-consonant-vowel)）。很多人会用 <span class="pho">ʊ</span> 替代这个动作，比如，吧 *result* <span class="pho alt">rɪˈzəlt</span> 读成 <span class="pho alt">rɪˈzəʊt</span>；同样，<span class="pho alt">mɪlk</span> 也实际上被很多人读作 <span class="pho alt">mɪʊk</span>…… 必须注意，音节末尾的 <span class="pho">l</span> 只有舌尖动作，**没有嘴唇动作**。
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再用同样的方式练练 *girl* <span class="pho alt">ɡɝːl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/girl-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/girl-us-female.mp3"></span>（常常会被误读成 <span class="pho alt">gəʊ</span>）, *world* <span class="pho alt">wɝːld</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/world-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/world-us-female.mp3"></span>（常常会被误读成 <span class="pho alt">wəʊd</span>）。
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以 <span class="pho">l</span> 处于音节末尾的常用词汇很多，读得时候要注意，要加上 <span class="pho">ə</span>，比如：
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以 <span class="pho">l</span> 处于音节末尾的常用词汇很多，读得时候要注意，要加上 <span class="pho">ᵊ</span>，比如：
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> * *fail* <span class="pho alt">feɪl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/fail-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/fail-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *file* <span class="pho alt">faɪl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/file-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/file-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *sell* <span class="pho alt">sel</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/sell-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/sell-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *sale* <span class="pho alt">seɪl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/sale-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/sale-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *tell* <span class="pho alt">tel</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/tell-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/tell-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *tale* <span class="pho alt">teɪl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/tale-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/tale-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *trail* <span class="pho alt">treɪl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/trail-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/trail-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *drill* <span class="pho alt">drɪl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/drill-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/drill-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *fail* <span class="pho alt">feɪl</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">feɪᵊl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/fail-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/fail-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *file* <span class="pho alt">faɪl</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">faɪᵊl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/file-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/file-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *sell* <span class="pho alt">sel</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">seᵊl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/sell-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/sell-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *sale* <span class="pho alt">seɪl</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">seɪᵊl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/sale-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/sale-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *tell* <span class="pho alt">tel</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">teᵊl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/tell-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/tell-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *tale* <span class="pho alt">teɪl</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">teɪᵊl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/tale-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/tale-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *trail* <span class="pho alt">treɪl</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">treɪᵊl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/trail-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/trail-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *drill* <span class="pho alt">drɪl</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">drɪᵊl</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/drill-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/drill-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> [!Note]
|
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>
|
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@@ -111,7 +115,6 @@
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| ③ | <span class="pho">t</span>, <span class="pho">d</span>, <span class="pho">l</span>, <span class="pho">ʃ</span>, <span class="pho">ʒ</span>, <span class="pho">tʃ</span>, <span class="pho">dʒ</span>, <span class="pho">tr</span>, <span class="pho">dr</span> |
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| ④ | <span class="pho">r</span> |
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## 3.2.12.5. 常见拼写
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### <span class="pho">l</span>
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@@ -126,7 +129,6 @@
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* call <span class="pho alt">kɔːl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/call-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/call-us-female.mp3"></span>
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* thrill <span class="pho alt">θrɪl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/thrill-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/thrill-us-female.mp3"></span>
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### <span class="pho">r</span>
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* **r**
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@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
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<span class="pho">w</span> 和 <span class="pho">j</span> 是半元音。
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<span class="pho">w</span> 与后面的元音相连，相当于在那个元音前面加上了一个 <span class="pho">ʊ</span>，比如 *way* <span class="pho">weɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/way-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/way-us-female.mp3"></span>，读音上相当于是 <span class="pho">ʊeɪ</span>。
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<span class="pho">j</span> 与后面的元音相连，相当于在那个元音前面加上了一个 <span class="pho">ɪ</span>，比如 *you* <span class="pho alt">juː</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/you-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/you-us-female.mp3"></span>，读音上相当于是 <span class="pho alt">iuː</span>。
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@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
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另外，夹在两个元音之间的 <span class="pho">k</span> 也会出现像 <span class="pho">t</span> 夹在两个元音之间时那样的浊化现象，听起来更接近 <span class="pho">g</span>。比如，*look out*<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/look-out-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/look-out-us-female.mp3"></span>，*seek out*<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/seek-out-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/seek-out-us-female.mp3"></span>，*woke up*<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/woke-up-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/woke-up-us-female.mp3"></span>。
|
||||
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|
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## 3.2.4. 常见拼写
|
||||
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### <span class="pho">k</span>
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@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@
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> * *specifying* - <span class="pho alt">ˈspes.ə.faɪ.ʲɪŋ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/specifying-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/specifying-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> * *spying* - <span class="pho alt">spaɪ.ʲɪŋ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/spying-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/spying-us-female.mp3"></span>
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前一个音节以 <span class="pho">ʊ</span> 结尾，比如 <span class="pho">ʊ/uː/aʊ/oʊ</span>，会出现加音 <span class="pho">ʷ</span>：
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> - *Go away* - <span class="pho alt">ˈɡoʊ əˈweɪ</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">ˈɡoʊʷəˈweɪ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/Go-away-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/Go-away-us-female.mp3"></span>
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@@ -139,5 +138,4 @@
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> - *Do it* - <span class="pho alt">ˈduː ˈɪt</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">ˈduːʷɪt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/Do-it-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/Do-it-us-female.mp3"></span>
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> - *Throw it* - <span class="pho alt">ˈθroʊ ˈɪt</span> ⭢ <span class="pho alt">ˈθroʊʷɪt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/Throw-it-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/Throw-it-us-female.mp3"></span>
|
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|
||||
|
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[^1]: This audio clip is extracted from the Audible edition of Knowledge and Decisions by Thomas Sowell.
|
||||
@@ -204,6 +204,5 @@
|
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|
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反复听几遍就知道了，"*but her communication of the project* **details**" 这个意群里，只有 *details* 这个词放缓了，被强读了，<span class="pho alt">dɪ̅ˈte̅ɪlz</span>，第一个音节甚至都被拉长了（毕竟是平调），但，前面的 "*but her communication of the project*"，每个词，每个音节都读得很快，都被弱读了，乃至于 *communication* <span class="pho alt">kəˌmjuː.nəˈkeɪ.ʃən</span> 里的长元音、双元音都很短，弱化，甚至，感觉上都变成了 <span class="pho alt">kə.məː.nə.kɤ.ʃən</span>…… 其中有不少需要注意的细节，含有很多**音变**（可能需要反复参照[音素详解](3-details)中的内容）。
|
||||
|
||||
|
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[^1] 这个例子来自于 [Macquarie University](https://www.mq.edu.au/about/about-the-university/our-faculties/medicine-and-health-sciences/departments-and-centres/department-of-linguistics/our-research/phonetics-and-phonology/speech/phonetics-and-phonology/Intonation-tobi-introduction)
|
||||
[^2] 这个例子来自于 *Manual of American English Pronunciation*, 4th edition, by Clifford H. Prator, Jr. BettyWallaceRobinett, 1972
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user