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everyone-can-use-english/1000-hours/sounds-of-english/01-1-vowels.md
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# 1.1.1. 元音
英文大约 20 个元音。
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">单元音</td>
<td>双元音</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>短元音</td>
<td><code>ʌ</code>, <code>e</code>, <code>ə</code>, <code>ɪ</code>, <code>ʊ</code>, <code>ɒ</code></td>
<td rowspan="2"><code>aɪ</code>, <code>eɪ</code>, <code>ɔɪ</code>, <code>aʊ</code>, <code>əʊ</code>, <code>eə</code>, <code>ɪə</code>, <code>ʊə</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>长元音</td>
<td><code>ɑː</code>, <code>æ</code>, <code>əː</code>, <code>iː</code>, <code>uː</code>, <code>ɔː</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
::: tip
* 除了 `ɪ``iː` 之外, 还有一个介乎二者长度之间的 `i`,比如 *happy* `/ˈhæpi/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk="/audios/happy-uk.mp3" data-audio-us="/audios/happy-us.mp3"></span>。
* 有些外来语可能有鼻化的元音,会在元音之上标注一个波浪号 `˜`,比如来自法语的 [*penchant*](https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/penchant) `/ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃, pɒ̃ŋʃɒ̃ŋ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk="/audios/penchant-uk.mp3"></span> ,而大多数美国人会把这个词读作 `ˈ/pɛnʧənt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/penchant-us.mp3"></span>。
:::
::: tip
在 D.J. 的某些版本里, `əʊ`,也被写作`oʊ` —— 所以现在也有一些词典用的是 `oʊ`。我的个人看法是,写作 `əʊ` 相对更合理,因为 `o` 并没有在 6 个基础音素里出现过。
:::
::: info
有时你会看到三种颜色的小喇叭图标,暗红色<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk="null-file.mp3"></span>、浅蓝色<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="null-file.mp3"></span>,或者黑色<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="null-file.mp3"></span>,用鼠标点击它可以听音频播放。比如,*happy* `/ˈhæpi/` —— 暗红色喇叭<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk="/audios/happy-uk.mp3"></span>是英式发音;浅蓝色<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/happy-us.mp3"></span>是美式发音;黑色<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-other="/audios/happy-zh-liaoning.mp3"></span>是其他口音。
:::