14 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
14 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
# 3.1.4. `ə`/`əː`
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有些词典，常常会用 `ɜ` 标注 `ə` 这个音。另外，针对美式发音，`ər` 会被写成 `ɚ`，`əːr` 会被写成 `ɜː` 或者 `ɝ`。
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Some dictionaries often use `ɜ` to annotate the sound `ə`. Additionally, in American pronunciation, `ər` is written as `ɚ`, and `əːr` is written as either `ɜː` or `ɝ`.
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美国人在读这两个音的时候，常常会在末尾加上一个 `r`，但，也不是每一次都会加上 `r`。初学者容易矫枉过正，遇到这两个音就加上 `r`，比如，可能会把 *focus* 错读成 `/ˈfəʊkəʳs/`。
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When Americans pronounce these sounds, they *often* rhotacize, *but not always*. Beginners tend to overdo it and add a `r` whenever they encounter these sounds, for example, mispronouncing *focus* as `/ˈfəʊkərs/`.
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注意，在连贯的自然语音中，很多非重音音节的元音，都有被简化成 `ə`（*schwa*）的倾向，尤其是 `ɪ`。比如，*individual*, `ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒjʊəl`，实际上会被读作 `ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl` —— `jʊ` 也变成了 `ə`，而后 `ʊ` 和 `ə` 之间有个加音 `w`…… 事实上，现在已经有很多词典干脆直接标注成了后者。
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Keep in mind that in fluent, natural speech, many unstressed vowel sounds in syllables are often simplified to `ə` (*schwa*), especially `ɪ`. For instance, *individual* `/ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒjʊəl/`, is often actually pronounced as `/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/` - `jʊ` also becomes `ə`, and there's a added `w` sound between `ʊ` and `ə`… In fact, many dictionaries now straightforwardly use the latter phonetic annotation.
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