51 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
51 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# 1.1 字母（Alphabet）
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英语总计使用 26 个**字母**（*letters*），各有大小写之分。在欧洲语言之中，英语是罕见的不使用**修饰符**（*diacritics*）的文字 —— 所谓修饰符，指的是字母上附加的标记，用以区分发音或者意义，比如，*â*、*é*、*ç*，等等。
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Modern English is composed of *26* letters, each with both *uppercase* and *lowercase* forms. English stands out among European languages for not using [diacritics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacritic), which are special marks added to letters to alter their pronunciation or meaning, such as *â*, *é* or *ç*, etc.
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北约（NATO）有一套指称英文字母的系统，用以在仅有语音交流的情况下避免歧义 —— 在军事、航空、紧急救助、无线电或者电话沟通等诸多场合中具备不可或缺作用。
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[NATO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO) has a system that uses common words to identify each letter, which is particularly helpful for military and civil aviation, emergency serivces, radio or phone communication, and many others to avoid confusion when spelling out words.
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| Letter | Pronunciation | NATO Phonetic Alphabet |
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| --------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **A** *a* | `/eɪ/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/a-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/a-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Alpha* `/ˈæl.fə/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Alpha-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Alpha-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **B** *b* | `/biː/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/b-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/b-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Bravo* `/ˈbrɑː.voʊ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Bravo-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Bravo-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **C** *c* | `/siː/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/c-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/c-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Charlie* `/ˈtʃɑːr.liː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Charlie-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Charlie-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **D** *d* | `/diː/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/d-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/d-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Delta* `/ˈdɛl.tə/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Delta-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Delta-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **E** *e* | `/iː/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/e-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/e-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Echo* `/ˈɛk.oʊ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Echo-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Echo-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **F** *f* | `/ɛf/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/f-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/f-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Foxtrot* `/ˈfɔːks.trɒt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Foxtrot-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Foxtrot-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **G** *g* | `/dʒiː/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/g-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/g-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Golf* `/ɡɑːf/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Golf-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Golf-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **H** *h* | `/eɪtʃ/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/h-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/h-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Hotel* `/hoʊˈtɛl/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Hotel-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Hotel-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **I** *i* | `/aɪ/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/i-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/i-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *India* `/ˈɪn.di.ə/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/India-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/India-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **J** *j* | `/dʒeɪ/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/j-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/j-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Juliet* `/ˈdʒuːliːˌɛt/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Juliet-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Juliet-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **K** *k* | `/keɪ/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/k-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/k-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Kilo* `/ˈkiː.loʊ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Kilo-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Kilo-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **L** *l* | `/ɛl/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/l-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/l-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Lima* `/ˈliː.mə/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Lima-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Lima-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **M** *m* | `/ɛm/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/m-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/m-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Mike* `/maɪk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Mike-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Mike-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **N** *n* | `/ɛn/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/n-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/n-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *November* `/noʊˈvɛm.bər/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/November-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/November-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **O** *o* | `/oʊ/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/o-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/o-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Oscar* `/ˈɑːs.kɑːr/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Oscar-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Oscar-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **P** *p* | `/piː/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/p-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/p-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Papa* `/pəˈpɑː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Papa-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Papa-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **Q** *q* | `/kjuː/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/q-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/q-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Quebec* `/kəˈbɛk/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Quebec-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Quebec-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **R** *r* | `/ɑːr/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/r-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/r-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Romeo* `/ˈroʊ.miːˌoʊ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Romeo-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Romeo-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **S** *s* | `/ɛs/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/s-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/s-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Sierra* `/siˈɛr.ə/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Sierra-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Sierra-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **T** *t* | `/tiː/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/t-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/t-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Tango* `/ˈtæŋ.ɡoʊ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Tango-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Tango-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **U** *u* | `/juː/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/u-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/u-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Uniform* `/ˈjuː.nɪ.fɔːrm/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Uniform-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Uniform-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **V** *v* | `/viː/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/v-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/v-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Victor* `/ˈvɪk.tər/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Victor-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Victor-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **W** *w* | `/ˈdʌbl̩juː/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/w-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/w-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Whiskey* `/ˈwɪs.kiː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Whiskey-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Whiskey-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **X** *x* | `/ɛks/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/x-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/x-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *X-ray* `/ˈɛks.reɪ/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/X-ray-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/X-ray-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **Y** *y* | `/waɪ/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/y-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/y-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Yankee* `/ˈjæŋ.kiː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Yankee-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Yankee-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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| **Z** *z* | `/ziː/` <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/z-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/z-us-jen.mp3"></span> | *Zulu* `/ˈzuː.luː/`<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Zulu-us-guy.mp3" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Zulu-us-jen.mp3"></span> |
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在英式英语中，*z* 被读作 `/zed/`。
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In British, letter *z* is pronounced as `/zed/`.
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> [!Note]
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>
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> * 合成语音文件使用的是 OpenAI 的 TTS (Text-to-Speech) 和微软的 Edge's TTS。蓝色喇叭图标<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Alpha-us-guy.mp3"></span>是男性语音，褐色喇叭图标<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Alpha-us-jen.mp3"></span>是女性语音。
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> * The synthesized audio files primarily utilizes OpenAI's TTS (Text-to-Speech) and Microsoft Edge's TTS. The blue speaker icon<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us="/audios/us/Alpha-us-guy.mp3"></span>represents a male voice, whereas the brown speaker icon<span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk="/audios/us/Alpha-us-jen.mp3"></span>signifies a female voice.
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> * IPA 音标标注往是通过 OpenAI 的 ChatGPT 生成的，有时可能并不统一，或存在一些错误，需要纠正。
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>
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> * The IPA ([International Phonetic Alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet)) notation used for phonetic transcription is generated by OpenAI's ChatGPT, which may occasionally make mistakes that need to be corrected.
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