2.0 KiB
2.0 KiB
1.2 音素（Phonemes）
在自然语音中，不可继续分割的组成部分被称为音素（phonemes）。英语的音素分为元音和辅音。
In natural speech, indivisible sound segments are referred to as phonemes. English language categorizes these phonemes into two types: vowels and consonants.
1.2.1 元音（Vowels）
英语总计约有 20 个元音。
English approximately has 20 vowels.
元音可以被分为短元音（short vowels）和长元音（long vowels）；与此同时，它们也可以分为单元音（monophthongs）和双元音（diphthongs）。
Vowels can be classified into long and short vowels, or alternatively, they can also be grouped as monophthongs and diphthongs.
| Monophthongs | Diphthongs | |
|---|---|---|
| Short vowels | ʌ e ə ɪ ʊ ɒ |
|
| Long vowels | ɑː æ əː iː uː ɔː |
aɪ eɪ ɔɪ aʊ oʊ eə ɪə ʊə |
严格意义上来讲，æ 是半长元音，即，它比长元音短一点，但比短元音长一点。
To put it strictly, æ is a mid-length vowel. That means it's a bit shorter than long vowels but longer than short vowels.
1.2.2 辅音（Consonants）
英文总计 28 个辅音。
English approximately has 28 consonants.
| Airflow | Voiced or not | Consonants |
|---|---|---|
| Plosive | Voiceless | p t k |
| Voiced | b d g |
|
| Fricative | Voiceless | f s θ ʃ h |
| Voiced | v z ð ʒ r |
|
| Affricate | Voiceless | tʃ tr ts |
| Voiced | dʒ dr dz |
|
| Nasal | Voiced | m n ŋ |
| Lateral | Voiced | l |
| Semivowel | j w |